Publication: Yeni Zelanda Tavşanında (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) Cervical Vertebrae ve Eklemlerinin Makroanatomik ve Görüntüleme Yöntemleri İle İncelenmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Evcil memelilerde cervical bölgede birçok sebebe bağlı olarak meydana gelen deformasyonlar spinal sinirleri etkileyeceğinden ağrı, spazm, kas kuvvetsizliği, eklem hareket açıklığında azalmalar gibi birçok probleme neden olmaktadır. Cervical bölgedeki vertebrae'nin de kendine özgü farklı anatomik özellikleri ve kemik duruş pozisyonlarının bilinmesi ortaya çıkabilecek problemlerin anlaşılmasını kolaylaştıracaktır. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda Yeni Zelanda tavşanının vertebrae cervicales ve eklemlerinin makroanatomik yapısı, morfometrik ölçümleri ve görüntüleme yöntemlerinden yararlanılarak detaylı incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Materyal ve Metot: Araştırmada, anabilim dalımızda kadavra olarak bulunan 16 adet Yeni Zelanda tavşanı kullanıldı. 13 adedinde makroanatomik ve subgross incelemeler için diseksiyonlar yapıldı ve fotoğrafları çekildi. Vertebrae cervicales'e ait morfometrik ölçümler digital kumpas ile alındı. Scanning electron mikroskobu (SEM) ile 3 adet materyalin articulationes processuum articularium'u (articulationes zygapophysiales) detaylı olarak incelendi. İki adet tavşanda önce bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ile sonrasında manyetik rezonans (MR) görüntüleme yöntemleri ile elde edilen görüntüleri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Yapılan çalışmada foramen transversarium tüm vertebrae cervicales'te gözlendi. Bu delik atlas'ta ala atlantis'in caudal'inin medial'inde konumlandı. Morfometrik incelemelerde, corpus vertebrae'nin uzunluklarının axis'ten yedinci vertebrae cervicalis'e doğru azaldığı belirlendi. Processus spinosus yüksekliğinin üçüncü vertebrae cervicalis'ten yedinci vertebrae cervicalis'e, processus transversus uzunluklarının axis'ten yedinci vertebrae cervicalis'e doğru artığı gözlendi. Foramen vertebrae'nin latero-medial çapının dorso-ventral çaptan daha fazla olduğu ve her iki çapında axis'ten yedinci vertebrae cervicalis'e doğru artığı tespit edildi. BT ve MR görüntüleriyle anatomik yapıları belirlenen vertebrae cervicales'te özellikle articulationes processuum articularium'un (articulationes zygapophysiales) eklem yüzeyindeki kollajen lifler ve synovial membranda bulunan fibroblastlar SEM görüntüleme yöntemi ile belirlendi. Cervical bölgede ligg. flava, ligg. interspinalia, lig. nuchae, lig. longitudinale dorsale, lig. apices dentis, ligg. alaria, lig. transversum atlantis gibi ligamantler tespit edildi. Sonuç: Yapılan çalışma ile Yeni Zelanda tavşanında vertebrae cervicales'in makroanatomik yapısı ve morfometrik değerleri ile vertebrae cervicales'e ait eklemler ve ligamentlerin konumu detaylı bir şekilde belirlendi. BT ve MR görüntüleme yöntemleri ile görüntülenen bu bölgede özellikle articulationes processuum articularium'un yapısı SEM görüntüleme yöntemi ile incelendi. Elde edilen tüm verilerin anatomi literatür'üne katkı sağlayacağı ve konu ile ilgili çalışacak araştırıcılara yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: anatomi; morfometri; SEM; tavşan; vertebrae cervicales
Aim: Deformations in the cervical region in domestic mammals due to many reasons will affect the spinal nerves and cause many problems such as pain, spasm, muscle weakness, and decreased range of motion. Knowing the different anatomical features and bone posture positions of the vertebrae in the cervical region will make it easier to understand the problems that may arise. Therefore, it is aimed to examine the macroanatomical structure of the vertebrae cervicalis and joints of the New Zealand rabbit by using morphometric measurements and imaging methods. Materials and methods: In the study, 16 New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) found as cadavers in our department were used. Dissections and photographs were taken for macroanatomical and subgross examinations in 13 numbers. Morphometric measurements of the vertebrae cervicales were taken with a digital caliper. The articulationes processuum articularium (articulationes zygapophysiales) of 3 materials was examined in detail with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The images obtained by Computed Tomography and then Magnetic Resonance imaging methods in two rabbits were evaluated. Results: In the study, the foramen transversarium was observed in the entire vertebrae cervicales. This hole was located medial to the caudal of ala atlantis in the atlas. Morphometric examinations revealed that the length of the corpus vertebrae decreased from the axis to the seventh vertebrae cervicalis. It was observed that the height of the processus spinosus increased from the third vertebrae cervicalis to the seventh vertebrae cervicalis, and the lengths of the processus transversus from the axis to the seventh vertebrae cervicalis. It was determined that the latero-medial diameter of the foramen vertebrae was greater than the dorso-ventral diameter and increased in both diameters from the axis to the seventh vertebrae cervicalis. Collagen fibers on the joint surface of the articulationes processuum articularium and fibroblasts in the synovial membrane in the vertebrae cervicales, whose anatomical structures were determined by CT and MR images, were determined by SEM imaging method. Ligaments such as ligg. flava, ligg. interspinalia, lig. nuchae, lig. longitudinale dorsale, lig. apices dentis, ligg. alaria, lig. transversum atlantis were detected in the cervical region. Conclusion: In this study, the macroanatomical structure and morphometric measurement of the vertebrae cervicales and the position of the ligaments and joints of the vertebrae cervicales were determined in detail in the New Zealand rabbit. In this region, which is visualized by CT and MR imaging methods, especially the structure of the processuum articularium was examined by SEM imaging. It is thought that all the data obtained will contribute to the anatomy literature and will help researchers who will work on the subject. Keywords: anatomy; morphometry; rabbit; SEM; vertebrae cervicales
Aim: Deformations in the cervical region in domestic mammals due to many reasons will affect the spinal nerves and cause many problems such as pain, spasm, muscle weakness, and decreased range of motion. Knowing the different anatomical features and bone posture positions of the vertebrae in the cervical region will make it easier to understand the problems that may arise. Therefore, it is aimed to examine the macroanatomical structure of the vertebrae cervicalis and joints of the New Zealand rabbit by using morphometric measurements and imaging methods. Materials and methods: In the study, 16 New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) found as cadavers in our department were used. Dissections and photographs were taken for macroanatomical and subgross examinations in 13 numbers. Morphometric measurements of the vertebrae cervicales were taken with a digital caliper. The articulationes processuum articularium (articulationes zygapophysiales) of 3 materials was examined in detail with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The images obtained by Computed Tomography and then Magnetic Resonance imaging methods in two rabbits were evaluated. Results: In the study, the foramen transversarium was observed in the entire vertebrae cervicales. This hole was located medial to the caudal of ala atlantis in the atlas. Morphometric examinations revealed that the length of the corpus vertebrae decreased from the axis to the seventh vertebrae cervicalis. It was observed that the height of the processus spinosus increased from the third vertebrae cervicalis to the seventh vertebrae cervicalis, and the lengths of the processus transversus from the axis to the seventh vertebrae cervicalis. It was determined that the latero-medial diameter of the foramen vertebrae was greater than the dorso-ventral diameter and increased in both diameters from the axis to the seventh vertebrae cervicalis. Collagen fibers on the joint surface of the articulationes processuum articularium and fibroblasts in the synovial membrane in the vertebrae cervicales, whose anatomical structures were determined by CT and MR images, were determined by SEM imaging method. Ligaments such as ligg. flava, ligg. interspinalia, lig. nuchae, lig. longitudinale dorsale, lig. apices dentis, ligg. alaria, lig. transversum atlantis were detected in the cervical region. Conclusion: In this study, the macroanatomical structure and morphometric measurement of the vertebrae cervicales and the position of the ligaments and joints of the vertebrae cervicales were determined in detail in the New Zealand rabbit. In this region, which is visualized by CT and MR imaging methods, especially the structure of the processuum articularium was examined by SEM imaging. It is thought that all the data obtained will contribute to the anatomy literature and will help researchers who will work on the subject. Keywords: anatomy; morphometry; rabbit; SEM; vertebrae cervicales
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Keywords
Anatomi, Anatomi, Anatomik Özellikler, Görüntüleme Yöntemleri, Mikroskopi-Elektron Taramalı, Morfometri, Omurga, Oryctolagus Cuniculus L., Servikal Vertebra, Anatomy, Anatomy, Anatomical Properties, Imaging Methods, Microscopy-Electron Scanning, Morphometry, Spine, Oryctolagus Cuniculus L., Cervical Vertebrae
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