Publication: Samsun'da Türk İslam Dönemi Mezar Anıtları
Abstract
İslam öncesi Türklerde de farklı şekillerde mezar anıtları bulunmakla birlikte, Türklerin İslamiyeti kabul etmesinden sonra, günümüzde türbe olarak adlandırdığımız yapılarda hem sayısal bir artış hem de form olarak bir farklılık görüldüğü kabul edilir. İran üzerinden Anadolu'ya gelen Müslüman Türkler, önceki yurtlarından getirdikleri mezar anıtı geleneğini geliştirerek sürdürmüşlerdir. Bu durum Anadolu'da erken dönemden Türklerin bir yaşadığı birçok yerde görülmektedir. Bu tezde Samsun'da İslam dönemi mezar anıtları olan türbeler incelenmektedir. Vezirköprü gibi geleneksel mimari örneklerinin çokça bulunduğu bazı ilçeleri hariç tutulursa Samsun ve ilçelerinde bu yapı türünün örnekleri oldukça sınırlıdır. Ancak özellikle Ahşap malzeme ile inşa edilen türbeler, Anadolu Türbe mimarisine çok önemli bir katkı olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. Yapıların inşa tarihleri Selçuklu-Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet dönemine tekabül etmektedir. Bazı türbelerin kitabeleri bulunmadığı için mimari özelliklerine bakılarak tarihlendirme yapılmasına dikkat edilmiştir. Taş ve tuğla malzeme ile inşa edilen türbe örneklerinin başta yakın çevre (Doğu ve Batı Karadeniz) olmak üzere, inşa edildikleri Selçuklu ve Osmanlı dönemi Türbe mimarisi örnekleri ile plan şeması, malzeme ve süsleme gibi özellikleri bakımından mukayese edilecektir. Cumhuriyet döneminde inşa edilen ve belli bir estetik değer taşıyan mezar yapılarına da bu çalışmada yer verilmiştir. Çoğunlukla beton malzeme kullanılan bu örneklerde mekan anlayışı, süsleme vb. özellikler bakımından incelenmiştir.
Although there were burial monuments in different forms among the pre-Islamic Turks, it is accepted that after the Turks accepted Islam, there was both a numerical increase and a difference in form in the structures we call tombs today. The Muslim Turks who came to Anatolia via Iran continued the tradition of grave monuments they brought from their previous homeland. This situation is seen in many places in Anatolia where Turks lived in the early period. In this thesis, the tombs, which are the burial monuments of the Islamic period in Samsun, are examined. Excluding some districts such as Vezirköprü, where traditional architectural examples are abundant, examples of this type of building are quite limited in Samsun and its districts. However, especially the tombs built with wooden materials continue to exist as a very important contribution to the Anatolian Tomb architecture. The construction dates of the buildings correspond to the Seljuk-Ottoman and Republican periods. Since some tombs do not have inscriptions, attention was paid to date them by looking at their architectural features. Examples of tombs built with stone and brick materials will be compared with examples of tomb architecture from the Seljuk and Ottoman periods, especially in the immediate surroundings (East and West Black Sea), in terms of features such as plan scheme, material and decoration. The tomb structures, which were built in the Republican period and have a certain aesthetic value, are also included in this study. In these examples, where mostly concrete material is used, the concept of space, decoration, etc. analyzed for features.
Although there were burial monuments in different forms among the pre-Islamic Turks, it is accepted that after the Turks accepted Islam, there was both a numerical increase and a difference in form in the structures we call tombs today. The Muslim Turks who came to Anatolia via Iran continued the tradition of grave monuments they brought from their previous homeland. This situation is seen in many places in Anatolia where Turks lived in the early period. In this thesis, the tombs, which are the burial monuments of the Islamic period in Samsun, are examined. Excluding some districts such as Vezirköprü, where traditional architectural examples are abundant, examples of this type of building are quite limited in Samsun and its districts. However, especially the tombs built with wooden materials continue to exist as a very important contribution to the Anatolian Tomb architecture. The construction dates of the buildings correspond to the Seljuk-Ottoman and Republican periods. Since some tombs do not have inscriptions, attention was paid to date them by looking at their architectural features. Examples of tombs built with stone and brick materials will be compared with examples of tomb architecture from the Seljuk and Ottoman periods, especially in the immediate surroundings (East and West Black Sea), in terms of features such as plan scheme, material and decoration. The tomb structures, which were built in the Republican period and have a certain aesthetic value, are also included in this study. In these examples, where mostly concrete material is used, the concept of space, decoration, etc. analyzed for features.
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