Publication: Sıçan Karotis Kommunis Arterinde Devamlı Horizontal Matsis Sütür İle Uç Uca Anastomoz : Deneysel Çalışma
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ÖZET Bu çalışmada makrovasküler cerrahide uygulanan bir teknik olan devamlı (continue) horizontal matris sütür tekniği uç-uca mikrovasküler anastomoz için klasik tek tek ve klasik devamlı sütür teknikleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Deneysel olarak çapı 1.0 - 1.2 mm olan sıçan karotis kommunis arteri model olarak kullanıldı. 3 gruba ayrılan toplam 59 adet sıçanın sol karotis kommunis arterine disseksiyon yapılarak -2.5 cm'lik damar segmenti ortaya konulup ortadan kesildi. Her bir gruptaki damarlara bu üç sütürasyon tekniği kullanılarak uç uca anastomozlar yapıldı. 21 günlük takip sonunda tüm anastomozlar yeniden ortaya konulup makroskopik olarak anastomoz hatları gözlendi. Klasik geçirgenlik testleri olan sağma (milking) ve yukarı askılama (up-lift) testleri ile anastomoz hatundan geçiş (patency) değerlendirildi ve her gruptan geçirgenliğin olduğu sıçanlardan rastgele seçilen 3 'ünde anjiografi çalışılarak anastomoz hatlarının anjiografik değerlendirmesi yapıldı. Yine her gruptan geçirgenliğin olduğu rastgele seçilen 10 adet sıçanda anastomozların ışık mikroskobu ile patolojik değerlendirilmesi ve her gruptan rastgele seçilen 2 adet spesmende taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM, Scanning Electron Microscopy) ile anastomoz hatlarındaki lümenin üç boyutlu görüntüsü ortaya kondu. Karşılaştırılan parametreler olan; yaklaştıncı (approximator) klempin uygulanıp serbestlendiği süre arasında geçen anastomoz süreleri, atılan yada geçilen sütür sayıları, klemp serbestlendiği andaki sızıntının durumuna göre ek sütür gereksinimi, sızıntı süreleri, erken (30.dk) ve geç dönem (21. gün) geçirgenlik testleri, anjiografik bulgular, ışık mikroskopu ile patolojik değerlendirme ve SEM ile morfolojik değerlendirme yapıldı. Sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildiğinde mikrovasküler anastomozda başarıyı belirleyen erken ve geç geçirgenlik oranlan gruplar arasında farklı bulunmadı. Devamlı horizontal matris sütür tekniği ile klasik devamlı sütür tekniğinin anastomoz sürelerinin ortalamasının farklı olmadığı, ancak her ikisinin klasik tek tek sütür tekniğinden daha kısa olduğu gözlendi. Devamlı horizontal matris ve klasik devamlı sütür tekniğinde atılan ek sütür sayılarının klasik tek tek sütür tekniğinden daha az olduğu saptandı. Ek sütür gerektirmeyen küçük sızıntı süreleri ise devamlı horizontal matris sütür tekniğinde diğer iki anastomoz tekniğinden daha kısa bulundu. Her üç grupta anastomozlar için atılan toplam sütür sayılarının ortalama ve ortancaları XIIkarşılaştırıldığında devamlı horizontal matris sütür tekniği (ortanca 7) ile klasik devamlı sütür tekniği (ortanca 8) arasında fark yoktu. Ancak devamlı horizontal matris sütür tekniğinde atılan ortalama sütür sayısı klasik tek tek sütür tekniğindekinden (ortanca 9) daha azdı. Işık mikroskobu altında, anastomoz hatlarındaki kalitatif darlık oranlan, anastomoz hatlarındaki endotel bütünlükleri, intimal hiperplazi oranlan, damar duvarındaki sütür materyaline karşı gelişen yabancı cisim reaksiyonu, anastomoz hatlanndaki media hasan gruplar arasında farklı bulunmadı, düzeltilmiş çap formülü ile hesaplanan damar çaplan ise devamlı horizontal matris sütür grubunda klasik tek tek sütür grubundan daha dar bulundu. Anjiogramlarda devamlı sütür tekniHerinin her ikisinde klasik tek tek sütür tekniğine göre anastomoz hatlarında oluşan daralma dikkati çekmekteydi. Devamlı horizontal matris sütür grubundaki anastomozlann diğer guplardan bariz üstünlükleri; anastomoz sürelerinin daha kısa olması, sızıntı sürelerinin daha az olması, ek sütür ihtiyacının daha az olması, damar duvannda patolojik olarak daha az değişiklik oluşturması idi. Olumsuz bulunan yam ise devamlı bir sütür tekniği olarak anostomoz hattında değişen derecelerde daralma oluşturabilmesidir. 'Ters el' (back hand) çalışma gerektirmesi bu konuda deneyimsiz cerrahlar için sıkıntı oluşturabilecektir. Küçük çaplı (lmm'den daha küçük) damarlarda teknik nispeten zor olup klinik kullanım için deneyim kazanamayı gerektirir. Devamlı horizontal matris sütür tekniğinin uygun çapa sahip (> lmm) damarlarda iyi kazanılmış bir deneyim ile titiz uygulandığında, mikrovasküler anastomoz için basan ile kullanılabilecek bir anastomoz yöntemi olabileceğim düşünmekteyiz. ANAHTAR SÖZCÜKLER : mikrovasküler anastomoz, klasik tek tek sütür tekniği, klasik devamlı sütür tekniği, devamlı horizontal matris sütür tekniği, geçirgenlik. XHI
ABSTRACT In this study, microvascular use of a technique which is currently employed in macrovascular surgery has been investigated, continious horizontal matress technique has been compared with classical interrupted and classical continious end-to-end anastomosis techniques. As the experimental model, rat common carotid arteries were used, with diameters ranging between 1.0 - 1.2 mm. A total of 59 rats were seperated into three groups and each subject's left common carotid artery was dissected to reveal a vascular segment of approximately 2.5 cm, followed by transection of the artery. Arteries in each group were anastomosed end-to-end with the related technique. By the end of the 21 days follow-up, all of the anastomoses were re-explored and patency was evaluated macroscopically via milking and up-lift tests. Of the subjects of each group with patent anastomoses, 3 were randomly picked for angiographical studies, 10 for pathological evaluation on light microscopy, and 2 for three dimensional analysis of the lumen neighboring the anastomosis on Scamiing Electron Microscopy (SEM). Criteria for comparison are as follows: The time taken for anastomosis, calculated between the application and release of the approximator clamps; The number of sutures put, or needles passed; the requirement for additional suture(s) for the leakage following clamp release; duration of leakage; early (30 mins) and late (21 days) patencies; angiographical findings; pathological and morphological findings on light microscopy and SEM, respectively. As the results were statisticaly evaluated, early and late patency rates reflecting the success of the microvascular anastomoses of the groups revealed no significant difference. The mean time taken for anastomosis via horizontal matress and classical continious techniques had no statistically significant difference between each other; nevertheless, they both were statistically shorter than of the classical interrupted group. Classical continious and continious matress anastomoses were observed to require less additional sutures than did the classical interrupted anastomoses. Little leakages which required no additional sutures were observed to cease sooner than did the anastomoses within the other groups. When the medians and means of numbers of needles passed for an anastomosis were compared, classical continious (median 8) and horizontal matress (median 7) techniques revealed no statistical difference; on the other hand, numbers of XTVneedles passed for a horizontal matress anastomosis has been shown to be fewer than the sutures put for a classical interrupted anastomosis (median 9). Under the light microscope, qualitative narrowing rates, endothelial integrity neighboring the anastomosis, intimal hyperplasia rates, foreign body reaction observed within the vessel wall and medial damage on the anastomosis site revealed no significant difference between the groups. However, vessel diameters calculated via corrected diameter formula were significantly smaller within the continious horizontal matress group than those of the classical interrupted. In angiograms, both of the continious suture technique groups were noted to display more narrowing than did the classical interrupted group. The obvious advantages of the continious horizontal matress anastomosis technique were shorter time taken for anastomosis, shorter leakege durations, fewer additional suture requirements, and less pathological changes inflicted on the vessel wall. The major drawback noted was that it is likely to cause varying degrees of narrowing on the site anastomosis. That it requires 'back hand' suturing can cause a nuisance for the surgeons who are not appropriately exercised. On smaller vessels (diameter less than 1 mm), the technique is relatively challenging and requires practice for clinical application. We believe that, if done meticulously with adequate experience, continious horizontal matress anastomosis technique can be succesfully used on vessels of appropriate caliber (> 1mm). KEY WORDS : microvascular anastomosis, interrupted suture, continue suture, continue horizontal matress suture, patency. XV
ABSTRACT In this study, microvascular use of a technique which is currently employed in macrovascular surgery has been investigated, continious horizontal matress technique has been compared with classical interrupted and classical continious end-to-end anastomosis techniques. As the experimental model, rat common carotid arteries were used, with diameters ranging between 1.0 - 1.2 mm. A total of 59 rats were seperated into three groups and each subject's left common carotid artery was dissected to reveal a vascular segment of approximately 2.5 cm, followed by transection of the artery. Arteries in each group were anastomosed end-to-end with the related technique. By the end of the 21 days follow-up, all of the anastomoses were re-explored and patency was evaluated macroscopically via milking and up-lift tests. Of the subjects of each group with patent anastomoses, 3 were randomly picked for angiographical studies, 10 for pathological evaluation on light microscopy, and 2 for three dimensional analysis of the lumen neighboring the anastomosis on Scamiing Electron Microscopy (SEM). Criteria for comparison are as follows: The time taken for anastomosis, calculated between the application and release of the approximator clamps; The number of sutures put, or needles passed; the requirement for additional suture(s) for the leakage following clamp release; duration of leakage; early (30 mins) and late (21 days) patencies; angiographical findings; pathological and morphological findings on light microscopy and SEM, respectively. As the results were statisticaly evaluated, early and late patency rates reflecting the success of the microvascular anastomoses of the groups revealed no significant difference. The mean time taken for anastomosis via horizontal matress and classical continious techniques had no statistically significant difference between each other; nevertheless, they both were statistically shorter than of the classical interrupted group. Classical continious and continious matress anastomoses were observed to require less additional sutures than did the classical interrupted anastomoses. Little leakages which required no additional sutures were observed to cease sooner than did the anastomoses within the other groups. When the medians and means of numbers of needles passed for an anastomosis were compared, classical continious (median 8) and horizontal matress (median 7) techniques revealed no statistical difference; on the other hand, numbers of XTVneedles passed for a horizontal matress anastomosis has been shown to be fewer than the sutures put for a classical interrupted anastomosis (median 9). Under the light microscope, qualitative narrowing rates, endothelial integrity neighboring the anastomosis, intimal hyperplasia rates, foreign body reaction observed within the vessel wall and medial damage on the anastomosis site revealed no significant difference between the groups. However, vessel diameters calculated via corrected diameter formula were significantly smaller within the continious horizontal matress group than those of the classical interrupted. In angiograms, both of the continious suture technique groups were noted to display more narrowing than did the classical interrupted group. The obvious advantages of the continious horizontal matress anastomosis technique were shorter time taken for anastomosis, shorter leakege durations, fewer additional suture requirements, and less pathological changes inflicted on the vessel wall. The major drawback noted was that it is likely to cause varying degrees of narrowing on the site anastomosis. That it requires 'back hand' suturing can cause a nuisance for the surgeons who are not appropriately exercised. On smaller vessels (diameter less than 1 mm), the technique is relatively challenging and requires practice for clinical application. We believe that, if done meticulously with adequate experience, continious horizontal matress anastomosis technique can be succesfully used on vessels of appropriate caliber (> 1mm). KEY WORDS : microvascular anastomosis, interrupted suture, continue suture, continue horizontal matress suture, patency. XV
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Tez (tıpta uzmanlık) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2004
Libra Kayıt No: 19810
Libra Kayıt No: 19810
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