Publication: Salep Glukomannanın Klarifikasyon ve Deasetilasyonu: Yapı-Proses-Özellik İlişkilerinin Belirlenmesi
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Bu tezin amacı salebin kalitesini arttırmak için yapısındaki glukomannan (GM) bileşeninin saflaştırılması ve jel özelliklerinin deasetilasyon işlemi ile belirlenmesidir. GM, salebin başlıca ve en önemli bileşenidir. Protein, nişasta ve kül gibi diğer bileşenler safsızlık olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu tez üç farklı bölümden oluşmaktadır. Tezin ilk bölümünde; etanol uygulaması ile safsızlık bileşenleri azaltılarak salebin kalitesi arttırılmıştır. En yüksek GM ve en düşük nişasta içeriği % 40 etanol uygulanan örnekte (SF40) tespit edilmiştir. SF40 örneğinin viskozitesi doğala kıyasla yaklaşık 5 kat artmıştır. Tezin ikinci bölümünde; GM izolasyonu sırasıyla şu işlemlere göre gerçekleştirilmiştir: su ile polimer ekstraksiyonu, safsızlık bileşenlerinin santrifüj edilmesi ve etanol ile GM'nin çöktürülmesi. Proses-özellik ilişkisinin belirlenmesi için farklı sıcaklıklarda ekstraksiyon yapılmıştır (25, 55 ve 85 °C). Farklı sıcaklık ve konsantrasyonlarda yapılan reolojik ölçümlerde GM25 örneği daha yüksek görünür viskoziteye, depolama ve kayıp modülüne ve daha düşük aktivasyon enerjisine sahip olmuştur. Saflaştırma işlemiyle GM25'in termal stabilitesi artmıştır. Tezin son bölümünde, salep glukomannanın kontrollü deasetilasyonu yapılmıştır. Asetil grupları (% 2.2) uzaklaşan örneklerin, görünür viskozitesi ve pseudoplastik karakterleri düşmüştür fakat viskozite ve viskoelastik özellikler depolama süresince artmıştır. Salep jelinin beyazlık indeksi ve jel kuvveti değerleri deasetilasyon derecesi ve konsantrasyon arttıkça artmıştır. Bu tez kapsamında (i) salebin kalitesinin etanol uygulaması ile arttırılabildiği (ii) oda sıcaklığındaki ekstraksiyonla glukomannan miktarının %90 üzerine çıkarılabildiği (iii) asetil gruplarının uzaklaşmasının salebin jel özelliğinin ortaya çıkması sağladığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
The aim of this study was to purification of glucomannan (GM) of salep to improve quality and to determine gel behavior of GM with deacetylation. GM is the main and important constituent of salep. The other constituents such as starch, protein and ash are called as impurities. This thesis was composed of three different chapters. In the first part, the impurities were reduced by ethanol treatment. The highest GM and the lowest impurities contents were achieved with the 40 % ethanol treatment (SF40). The apparent viscosity of SF40 increased about 5 folds as compared to native salep. In the second part, GM was isolated that of the following method: extraction of polymer with water, centrifugation of impurities and precipitation of GM with ethanol. To observe process-function relationship, different extraction temperatures were applied (25, 55 and 85 °C). At all temperatures and concentrations GM25 showed higher apparent viscosity, storage and loss modulus and lower activation energy. The increase in thermal stability of GM25 was observed after purification. In the last part, the controlled deacetylation of salep glucomannan (2.2%) was performed. Deacetylated samples showed lower apparent viscosities and pseudoplastic characteristics but deacetylation increased the stability of viscosities and viscoelastic properties of samples during storage. The whiteness index and strength of salep gel increased as degree of deacetylation and concentration increased. In this thesis, following results were obtained: (i) salep quality improved by ethanol treatment, (ii) increment GM above 90% was perfomed at room temperature (iii) gel property of salep was occurred by deacetylation.
The aim of this study was to purification of glucomannan (GM) of salep to improve quality and to determine gel behavior of GM with deacetylation. GM is the main and important constituent of salep. The other constituents such as starch, protein and ash are called as impurities. This thesis was composed of three different chapters. In the first part, the impurities were reduced by ethanol treatment. The highest GM and the lowest impurities contents were achieved with the 40 % ethanol treatment (SF40). The apparent viscosity of SF40 increased about 5 folds as compared to native salep. In the second part, GM was isolated that of the following method: extraction of polymer with water, centrifugation of impurities and precipitation of GM with ethanol. To observe process-function relationship, different extraction temperatures were applied (25, 55 and 85 °C). At all temperatures and concentrations GM25 showed higher apparent viscosity, storage and loss modulus and lower activation energy. The increase in thermal stability of GM25 was observed after purification. In the last part, the controlled deacetylation of salep glucomannan (2.2%) was performed. Deacetylated samples showed lower apparent viscosities and pseudoplastic characteristics but deacetylation increased the stability of viscosities and viscoelastic properties of samples during storage. The whiteness index and strength of salep gel increased as degree of deacetylation and concentration increased. In this thesis, following results were obtained: (i) salep quality improved by ethanol treatment, (ii) increment GM above 90% was perfomed at room temperature (iii) gel property of salep was occurred by deacetylation.
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2017
Libra Kayıt No: 96379
Libra Kayıt No: 96379
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