Publication: Ekşihamur Laktik Asit Bakterilerinin Antifungal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada; Trabzon, Giresun, Ordu ve Samsun illerinde Trabzon ekmeği üretimi yapan toplam 25 farklı işletmeden yaz ve kış sezonlarında toplanan ekşihamur örneklerinden izole edilen 933 adet laktik asit bakteri izolatının Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger ve Penicillium expansum gibi ekmekte en çok görülen küflere karşı antifungal aktivitesi taranmıştır. Laktik asit bakteri izolatlarından 35 adedi antifungal aktiviteli starter için potansiyele sahip olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu izolatların hücre içermeyen bakteriyel kültür filtratlarının antifungal aktivitesi agar kuyu difüzyon yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiş ve Weissella cibaria 908, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum 2114, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides 2619, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum 2702, Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis 2709, Lactobacillus brevis 2216Y, Lactobacillus pentosus Y118 ve Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum Y201 izolatları potansiyel antifungal ekşihamur starteri olarak seçilmiştir. Potansiyel ekşihamur starteri olarak seçilen bu 8 adet laktik asit bakterisinin antifungal bileşenlerinin kısmi karakterizasyonu yapılmış ve ekşihamur ekmeklerinin raf ömrünü uzatma üzerine etkisini belirlemek ve kimyasal koruyucu olarak kullanılan kalsiyum propiyonatla kıyaslamalarını yapmak üzere ekşihamur ekmeği üretiminde kullanımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonrasında antifungal özellikte ki laktik asit bakteri izolatlarının birebir oranında (1:1:1:1:1) karışık kültürünü ve % 0,15 kalsiyum propiyonat içeren ekmeğin raf ömrünün uzadığı; ekmekçilikte koruyucu olarak kullanılan kalsiyum propiyonat miktarının yarı yarıya azaltılmasını sağladığı saptanmıştır. Elde edilen ekmeğin, ticari olarak satılan ekşihamur ekmekleri ile genel kabul edilebilirlik değerleri arasında önemli fark olmadığı (p>0,05) belirlenmiş, ekşihamur ekmeği üretiminde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
In this study; 933 lactic acid bacteria isolated from the sourdough bread collected in summer and winter seasons, 25 different bakers producing Trabzon bread in Trabzon, Giresun, Ordu and Samsun provinces, were screened for antifungal activity against the most common molds for bread such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum. 35 of the these lactic acid bacteria isolate were considered to have potential for antifungal activity starter. The antifungal activity of the cell-free bacterial culture filtrates of these isolates was evaluated by agar well diffusion method and Weissella cibaria 908, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum 2114, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides 2619, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum 2702, Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis 2709, Lactobacillus brevis 2216Y, Lactobacillus pentosus Y118 and Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum Y201 isolates were selected as potential antifungal sourdough starters. Partial characterization of the antifungal components of these 8 lactic acid bacteria, which were selected as potential sourdough starters, was used to determine the effect of sourdough breads on the extension of shelf life and to use in the production of sourdough bread to compare them with the calcium propionate used as chemical preservatives. After the study, the shelf life of the bread containing mixed culture of antifungal lactic acid bacteria isolates in one to one ratio (1:1:1:1:1) and 0.15% calcium propionate was prolonged; It was determined that the amount of calcium propionate used as preservative in the bakery was reduced by half. It was concluded that there is no significant difference between general acceptability values of the commercially available sourdough bread (p> 0.05) and it can be used in the production of sourdough bread.
In this study; 933 lactic acid bacteria isolated from the sourdough bread collected in summer and winter seasons, 25 different bakers producing Trabzon bread in Trabzon, Giresun, Ordu and Samsun provinces, were screened for antifungal activity against the most common molds for bread such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum. 35 of the these lactic acid bacteria isolate were considered to have potential for antifungal activity starter. The antifungal activity of the cell-free bacterial culture filtrates of these isolates was evaluated by agar well diffusion method and Weissella cibaria 908, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum 2114, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides 2619, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum 2702, Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis 2709, Lactobacillus brevis 2216Y, Lactobacillus pentosus Y118 and Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum Y201 isolates were selected as potential antifungal sourdough starters. Partial characterization of the antifungal components of these 8 lactic acid bacteria, which were selected as potential sourdough starters, was used to determine the effect of sourdough breads on the extension of shelf life and to use in the production of sourdough bread to compare them with the calcium propionate used as chemical preservatives. After the study, the shelf life of the bread containing mixed culture of antifungal lactic acid bacteria isolates in one to one ratio (1:1:1:1:1) and 0.15% calcium propionate was prolonged; It was determined that the amount of calcium propionate used as preservative in the bakery was reduced by half. It was concluded that there is no significant difference between general acceptability values of the commercially available sourdough bread (p> 0.05) and it can be used in the production of sourdough bread.
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