Publication: Analysis for Adoption of Innovation in Harvesting Methods Ofgrape: A Case Study Charikar and Bagram Districts of Parwanprovince of Afghanistan
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın asıl amacı, üzüm hasadındaki yeniliklerin kapsamını, yeniliklerin Parwan şehrinde çiftçiler tarafından aşinalık ve benimseme oranını belirlemektir. Üzüm hasat yöntemleri ile ilgili yenilikleri belirlemek için Afganistan'ın Parwan şehrinin Charikar ve Bagram ilçelerinde çiftçiler ile yapıldı. Bu anketleri Parwan ve Bagram'ın iki ilçesine yayılmış 20 köyde yapıldı. Tüm çalışma alanı ankette yapılandırılmış bir anket kullanılarak görüşülmüştür. Ayrıca, veriler birincil veriler olarak toplanmış ve 120 üzüm yetiştiricisi ve köy yerel yetkilileri ile yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bulgulara göre; çiftçilerin kişisel özellikleri, çiftlik özellikleri, çiftlik yapıları ve hayvansal üretim gelirleri açısından benzerlikler bulundu, çiftçilerin üretimlerinin çoğu ticari olarak üretilmiyordu. Tarım arazisinin büyüklüğü ve üzüm üretimine ayrılan arazi benzerliklere sahiptir, ancak bulgular üzüm üretiminin, hasat aşaması üzüm üretiminde ki yenilikleri kullanıcısı tarafından çiftçilerin yeniliklerinin ve bilgisinin uygulanmasından etkilendiğini göstermektedir. Veriler 2019 ilk aylarında toplandı ve istatistiksel analizi (SPSS 22) yardımı ile yapılmıştır. Analiz teknolojik yetenekleri ve yenilikleri içermiştir. Yeniliklerin avantajları için altı seçenekle değerlendirilen bu çalışmanın amacı; yenilikleri kullanmanın avantaj ve dezavantajlarına ilişkin bulgular (zamandan tasarruf, ürüne olan talebin artması, üründe atıkların azaltılması, daha iyi yönetim, kolay hasat, daha az işçi istihdamı), tüm seçenekler çiftçiler için yüksek öneme sahiptir. Bununla birlikte dört seçeneğe göre değerlendirilen bu yeniliklerin dezavantajları, sadece çiftçiler için 'ekonomik değil' seçeneğinin yüksek öneme sahiptir, geri kalan üç dezavantaj ise çiftçiler için düşük öneme sahiptir. Yeniliklerden haberdar olma ve bunların benimsenmesi farklı sonuçlara sahiptir, çiftçilerin çoğu yeniliklerden haberdardır. Ancak, yeniliklerin benimsenmesi oranı haberdar olma oranından düşüktür. Çiftçilerin Tarımsal Kuruluşlara üyeliği çok düşüktür ve çiftçilerin sadece %8,2‟si bu kuruluşlara üyedir
The main objective of this research is to determine the extent of innovation in the grape harvest as well as the rate of awareness and adoption of innovations by farmers in Parwan province. To identify the innovation of grape harvest methods, a survey was conducted in Charikar and Bagram districts of Parwan province in Afghanistan. The surveys were conducted in 20 villages spread across the two districts of Parwan and Bagram. The entire study area was interviewed using a structured questionnaire as part of the survey. In addition, data was collected as primary data and included face to face interviews with 120 grape growers and local authorities of villages. According to findings; similarities were found in terms of farmers' personality, farm characteristics, and farm structure. In terms of animal production for farming purposes most farmers are not equipped for commercial growth, and the production is exclusive for personal use. Size of agricultural land, and land allocated for grape production has the most similarities however the findings showed that grape yield was impressed by the application of farmers‟ innovations and knowledge by the user of innovation in the harvest stage grape production. The data were collected in the first months of 2019 and analyzed by (SPSS 22) package. The analysis had included technological capabilities and innovations. The findings on the advantages and disadvantages of using innovations were the goals of this study evaluated by six options for the advantages of innovations (saving time, increasing demand for the product, wastes reduction in the product, better management, easy harvest, employment of less laborer), that all options were high importance (HI) for farmers. However, the disadvantages of these innovations, evaluated in four options, only the importance of the not economic option for farmers is (HI), the remaining three disadvantages are (LI) for farmers. Awareness and adoption of innovations have different results most of the farmers were familiar with innovations. However, the application of innovations is less than it is familiarity. Membership of farmers in Agricultural Organizations is very weak and only 8.2% of the farmers have membership in the organization.
The main objective of this research is to determine the extent of innovation in the grape harvest as well as the rate of awareness and adoption of innovations by farmers in Parwan province. To identify the innovation of grape harvest methods, a survey was conducted in Charikar and Bagram districts of Parwan province in Afghanistan. The surveys were conducted in 20 villages spread across the two districts of Parwan and Bagram. The entire study area was interviewed using a structured questionnaire as part of the survey. In addition, data was collected as primary data and included face to face interviews with 120 grape growers and local authorities of villages. According to findings; similarities were found in terms of farmers' personality, farm characteristics, and farm structure. In terms of animal production for farming purposes most farmers are not equipped for commercial growth, and the production is exclusive for personal use. Size of agricultural land, and land allocated for grape production has the most similarities however the findings showed that grape yield was impressed by the application of farmers‟ innovations and knowledge by the user of innovation in the harvest stage grape production. The data were collected in the first months of 2019 and analyzed by (SPSS 22) package. The analysis had included technological capabilities and innovations. The findings on the advantages and disadvantages of using innovations were the goals of this study evaluated by six options for the advantages of innovations (saving time, increasing demand for the product, wastes reduction in the product, better management, easy harvest, employment of less laborer), that all options were high importance (HI) for farmers. However, the disadvantages of these innovations, evaluated in four options, only the importance of the not economic option for farmers is (HI), the remaining three disadvantages are (LI) for farmers. Awareness and adoption of innovations have different results most of the farmers were familiar with innovations. However, the application of innovations is less than it is familiarity. Membership of farmers in Agricultural Organizations is very weak and only 8.2% of the farmers have membership in the organization.
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