Publication: Farklı Yöntemlerle Üretilmiş Nikel Titanyum Döner Aletlerin Kanal İçi Sıcaklıkta Döngüsel Yorgunluk Dirençlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Amaç: Farklı yöntemlerle üretilmiş NiTi tek eğe döner sistemlerin kanal içi sıcaklıkta döngüsel yorgunluğa bağlı kırılma dirençlerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma kapsamında HyFlex EDM, WaveOne Gold ve One Curve döner eğe sistemlerinin her birinden 20'şer adet olmak üzere toplamda 60 adet eğe kullanıldı. Tüm eğeler statik model döngüsel yorgunluk deney düzeneğinde, 60°'lik kurvatür açısına, 5 mm yarıçapa ve 1,4 mm kanal iç çapına sahip seramik yapay kanallarda ve 37°C'de kırılıncaya kadar kullanıldı. Eğelerin kırılma zamanı dijital kronometre ile kaydedildi ve dönme hızı ile çarpılarak kırılıncaya kadarki tur sayıları sayısal olarak hesaplandı. Kırık yüzeyler kırık tipinin belirlenmesi amacıyla taramalı elektron mikroskobu ile incelendi ve eğelerin faz transformasyon sıcaklıkları ise diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetre cihazında analiz edildi. Normal dağılım göstermediği saptanan verilerin analizi için Kruskal-Wallis H testi uygulandı. Weibull analizi yapılarak eğelerin tahmini sağlam kalma oranı belirlendi. Bulgular: Çalışmamızın istatiksel analiz sonuçlarına göre, kırılıncaya kadar geçen süre ve ortalama tur sayıları bakımından her 3 eğe grubu arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Eğelerin döngüsel yorgunluk dirençleri yüksekten düşüğe; Hyflex EDM, WaveOne Gold, One Curve olarak sıralanmıştır. SEM kullanılarak yapılan kırık yüzeylerin analizi ile kırılmaların döngüsel yorgunluk sonucu oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. DSC analizi ise, HyFlex EDM eğelerin klinik koşullarda tamamen martensit fazda olduğunu, austenit faz içermediğini göstermiştir. WaveOne Gold ve One Curve eğeler ise austenit, R-fazı ve martensit faz içermektedir. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonucuna göre üretim şekilleri, alaşımın özellikleri ve eğelerin kanal içi sıcaklıkta hangi fazda bulundukları gibi faktörler eğelerin döngüsel yorgunluk direncini etkilemektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hyflex EDM; WaveOne Gold; OneCurve; Döngüsel yorgunluk; Statik test modeli; Nikel Titanyum.
Aim: To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi single file rotary systems, produced using different methods at the intracanal temperature. Material and Methods: In this study, total of 60 files were used- 20 files each from Hyflex EDM, WaveOne Gold and One Curve rotary systems. All files were rotated using a static-model cyclic-fatigue testing device within an artificial ceramic canal with a 60° angle of curvature, 5 mm radius of curvature and 1.4 mm internal diameter at 37°C. The time to fracture of the files was recorded with a digital chronometer and the number of cycles to fracture was calculated by multiplying the time to fracture and rotations per minute. The fracture faces of the files were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the fracture type and the phase-transformation temperatures were analyzed using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for the data that were not normally distributed. The probability of survival for each file group was determined using Weibull analysis. Results: According to statistical analysis conducted in this study, significant differences among three file groups were found in terms of time and mean number of cycles to fracture (p<0.05). The order of cyclic fatigue resistance of the files, from highest to lowest, was Hyflex EDM, WaveOne Gold and One Curve. Fractographic analysis with SEM confirmed that the cause of fracture was cyclic fatigue. DSC analysis showed that Hyflex EDM files were martensitic at clinical conditions and did not include austenite phase. WaveOne Gold and One Curve files included austenite, R-phase and martensite phases. Conclusion: Our study found that factors such as manufacturing methods, alloy properties and the phase of the files at the intracanal temperature affect the cyclic fatigue resistance. Keywords: Hyflex EDM, WaveOne Gold, OneCurve, Cyclic fatigue, Static test model, Nickel-Titanium
Aim: To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi single file rotary systems, produced using different methods at the intracanal temperature. Material and Methods: In this study, total of 60 files were used- 20 files each from Hyflex EDM, WaveOne Gold and One Curve rotary systems. All files were rotated using a static-model cyclic-fatigue testing device within an artificial ceramic canal with a 60° angle of curvature, 5 mm radius of curvature and 1.4 mm internal diameter at 37°C. The time to fracture of the files was recorded with a digital chronometer and the number of cycles to fracture was calculated by multiplying the time to fracture and rotations per minute. The fracture faces of the files were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the fracture type and the phase-transformation temperatures were analyzed using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for the data that were not normally distributed. The probability of survival for each file group was determined using Weibull analysis. Results: According to statistical analysis conducted in this study, significant differences among three file groups were found in terms of time and mean number of cycles to fracture (p<0.05). The order of cyclic fatigue resistance of the files, from highest to lowest, was Hyflex EDM, WaveOne Gold and One Curve. Fractographic analysis with SEM confirmed that the cause of fracture was cyclic fatigue. DSC analysis showed that Hyflex EDM files were martensitic at clinical conditions and did not include austenite phase. WaveOne Gold and One Curve files included austenite, R-phase and martensite phases. Conclusion: Our study found that factors such as manufacturing methods, alloy properties and the phase of the files at the intracanal temperature affect the cyclic fatigue resistance. Keywords: Hyflex EDM, WaveOne Gold, OneCurve, Cyclic fatigue, Static test model, Nickel-Titanium
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