Publication: Kırım-Kongo Hemorajik Ateşi Hastalığının Epidemiyolojik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
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Kırım-Kongo Hemorajik Ateşi (KKHA) hastalığının etkeni, Bunyaviridaeailesinin Nairovirüs cinsine mensup bir RNA virüsüdür. Bu virüsün neden olduğuhemorajik ateş hastalığı ilk kez 1944 yılında Batı Kırım'da tanımlanmıştır. Tarımçalışanları ve hayvancılık ile uğraşanlar bu hastalık için risk grubunu oluşturur.Kuzey yarımkürede ilkbahar ve yaz aylarında sıcaklığın artmasıyla beraberkeneler aktive olur. İnsanlar sıklıkla evcil hayvanlar ile uğraştıkları ya da riskliarazilere girdikleri sırada keneler (özellikle Hyalomma cinsi) tarafındanısırılmalarıyla infekte olurlar. Özellikle hastaların salgıları ve kanıyla yakınteması olan kişiler ve sağlık çalışanları da risk altındadırlar. Bariyer önlemleriylebu risk önlenebilir.Kırım-Kongo Hemorajik Ateşi virüsü günümüze kadar birçok Asya, DoğuAvrupa, Orta Doğu ve Afrika ülkesinde epidemi yapmıştır ve yaklaşık 30 ülkedetanımlanmıştır. KKHA Ülkemizde ilk kez 2002 yılında Tokat yöresindetanımlanmıştır.Çalışmamızda KKHA hastalığının epidemiyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesiamaçlanmıştır. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi İnfeksiyon HastalıklarıKliniği ve Tokat ili hastanelerinde 2004 yılı ocak ayından 2007 yılı mayıs ayısonuna kadar KKHA tanısı kesinleşen 107 hasta çalışmaya alındı.Çalışmaya alınan hastaların epidemiyolojik özellikleri incelendi. Hastalarınyaş ortalaması 45,6 (19-76), % 58,9'u erkek ve % 92,5 evli olarak tespit edildi.Hastaların %99'u nisan-ağustos ayları arasında başvurdu. Hastaların %51'çiftçi, %34,3'ü evhanımıdır ancak evhanımı olan hastaların %94,2'si kırsalkesimde yaşamakta olup %71,4'ünü kene ısırması ile hastalığa maruzkalmışlardır. Dolayısıyla, ev hanımı olarak tanımlanan hastaların bu nedenlerleinfekte kenelerle veya virüsle temas riski artmaktadır. Çalışmamızda diğermesleklerden, beşi (%4,9) çoban, dördü serbest meslek (%3,9), ikisi öğrenci(%2.0) ve birer kişi de (%1,0) kasap, arıcı, işçi ve orman çalışanıdır.Hastaların %83,1'i Tokat ve Amasya İllerinden başvurdu. Yaşadıklarıbölgelerin denizden yüksekliği ortalama 801 metre olup %73,8'i 600-1200metrelik rakımlar arasındadır.Hastalarımızdan 105 hastanın 71'ini (%67,6) kene ısırmış olup %88,4'ükeneyi korunmasız bir şekilde eliyle çıkarmıştır. Giyimine dikkat edenler %57,4,vucudunda kene kontrolü yapanlar %52,1 ve böcek kovucu ilaç kullananlar%4,3 olarak bulundu. Ayrıca hayvanlarını ilaçlayanlar %89,4 ve çevreyiilaçlayanlar %6,4 olarak saptandı.Nisan-Ağustos döneminde başvurmak, kırsal alanda yaşamak, çiftçilikleuğraşmak vakalarımızda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu.Hasta grubumuzun giyimine dikkat etmemesi, vücudunda kene kontrolünüyetersiz yapması ve böcek kovucuları pek fazla kullanmadığı için, özellikle risklibölgede yaşayanların veya bu bölgelere girenlerin kişisel korunma önlemleriniuygulamaları gerekmektedir. Kene popülasyonunu azaltmaya yönelik (Hayvanbarınaklarının iyileştirilmesi, hayvanların ve çevrenin ilaçlanması vb.) önlemlereuyulması gerekmektedir. Keneler ısırılan kişilerden, korunma önlemleri alınarakve tahrip edilmeden uzaklaştırılmalıdır. Diğer durumlarda sağlık kuruluşlarınabaşvurulmalıdır.Sonuç olarak dünyanın birçok bölgesinde görülen KKHA, ülkemizde hergeçen yıl olgu sayısının artması nedeniyle birçok yönden önemli bir problemolarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.Anahtar sözcükler: Kırım-Kongo Hemorajik Ateşi, epidemiyoloji, retrospektifçalışma
The cause of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a RNAvirus of Nairovirus group of Bunyaviridae family. Haemorrhagic fever caused bythis virus was first described in West Crimea in 1944. Those who work inaggriculturel areas and raise livestock are the group at risk. With the rise in heatin spring and summer in the Northern Hemisphere, ticks become active. Peopleare generally infected when they are bite by ticks (particularly by Hyalommaspp.) when they enter the risky areas or deal with domestic animals.Particularly, those who are in close contact with the secretion and blood of thepatients and health care workers are also at risk. Taking barrier precautions thisrisk can prevented.Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever has outcome in many Asian, EastEuropean, Middle East, and African countries so far and has been describedapproximately in 30 countries. In our country, CCHF was first described in theprovince of Tokat in 2002.In our study our aim is to assess the epidemiologic features of CCHF. Inthe infectious diseases clinic of Ondokuz Mayıs University and in the hospitalsin the province of Tokat.One hundred and one patients whose diagnoses were confirmed asCCHF were studied from January the year 2004 to late May of the year 2007. Itwas assessed that epidemiologic features of the patients were examined. Themean age of the patients was 45,6% (19-76), 58,9 % were male and 92,5%were married. 99% of the cases occurred between April and August. 51% of thepatients were farmer, 34,3% of the patients were housewife. However, 94,2% ofthe these housewife were in rural areas and exposed to the infection when theywere bite by ticks. Therefore; the risk of contact with infected ticks or virusincreases for the housewives. In our study, five patients (4,9%) were herdsman,four patients (3,9%) were self-employed, one patient was a butcher, one patientwas a beekeper, one patient was worker, and one patient was worker in theforest.Eighty nine (83,1%) patients accepted to our clinic were from theprovinces of Amasya and Tokat. The mean elevation of the places the patientslive was 801 meters and 73,8% of the patients were between the heights 600meters and 1200 meters.Seventy one (67,6%) of the 105 patients were bite by ticks and 88,4%they removed the tick with hand without any prevention. 57,4% of our patientstoot care about their clothes, 52,1% checked their bodies, and 4,3% used insectrepellent before they went to risky areas. Besides, it was assessed 89,4% usedrepellents for their livestock and 6,4% used acaricids in their environments.It was found out that the rate of occurance between April and May, livingin rural areas, and farming were statistically high.As the patients in our study group didn?t care about their way of wearing,didn?t check their bodies, and didn?t use repellents much, especially those wholive in risky areas or those who go to risky areas must apply the individualprevention measures. To minimize the tick populations of stalls of livestock andusing acaricids for livestock and environment must be followed. Ticks must beremoved from the place it bite with prevention measures and without damagingthem. In other cases, patients must go to a health centre.In conclusion, CCHF faced with in many parts of the world is consideredas a very important problem as the number of cases increases every year in ourcountry.Key words: Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, epidemiology, retrospectivestudy.
The cause of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a RNAvirus of Nairovirus group of Bunyaviridae family. Haemorrhagic fever caused bythis virus was first described in West Crimea in 1944. Those who work inaggriculturel areas and raise livestock are the group at risk. With the rise in heatin spring and summer in the Northern Hemisphere, ticks become active. Peopleare generally infected when they are bite by ticks (particularly by Hyalommaspp.) when they enter the risky areas or deal with domestic animals.Particularly, those who are in close contact with the secretion and blood of thepatients and health care workers are also at risk. Taking barrier precautions thisrisk can prevented.Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever has outcome in many Asian, EastEuropean, Middle East, and African countries so far and has been describedapproximately in 30 countries. In our country, CCHF was first described in theprovince of Tokat in 2002.In our study our aim is to assess the epidemiologic features of CCHF. Inthe infectious diseases clinic of Ondokuz Mayıs University and in the hospitalsin the province of Tokat.One hundred and one patients whose diagnoses were confirmed asCCHF were studied from January the year 2004 to late May of the year 2007. Itwas assessed that epidemiologic features of the patients were examined. Themean age of the patients was 45,6% (19-76), 58,9 % were male and 92,5%were married. 99% of the cases occurred between April and August. 51% of thepatients were farmer, 34,3% of the patients were housewife. However, 94,2% ofthe these housewife were in rural areas and exposed to the infection when theywere bite by ticks. Therefore; the risk of contact with infected ticks or virusincreases for the housewives. In our study, five patients (4,9%) were herdsman,four patients (3,9%) were self-employed, one patient was a butcher, one patientwas a beekeper, one patient was worker, and one patient was worker in theforest.Eighty nine (83,1%) patients accepted to our clinic were from theprovinces of Amasya and Tokat. The mean elevation of the places the patientslive was 801 meters and 73,8% of the patients were between the heights 600meters and 1200 meters.Seventy one (67,6%) of the 105 patients were bite by ticks and 88,4%they removed the tick with hand without any prevention. 57,4% of our patientstoot care about their clothes, 52,1% checked their bodies, and 4,3% used insectrepellent before they went to risky areas. Besides, it was assessed 89,4% usedrepellents for their livestock and 6,4% used acaricids in their environments.It was found out that the rate of occurance between April and May, livingin rural areas, and farming were statistically high.As the patients in our study group didn?t care about their way of wearing,didn?t check their bodies, and didn?t use repellents much, especially those wholive in risky areas or those who go to risky areas must apply the individualprevention measures. To minimize the tick populations of stalls of livestock andusing acaricids for livestock and environment must be followed. Ticks must beremoved from the place it bite with prevention measures and without damagingthem. In other cases, patients must go to a health centre.In conclusion, CCHF faced with in many parts of the world is consideredas a very important problem as the number of cases increases every year in ourcountry.Key words: Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, epidemiology, retrospectivestudy.
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Tez (tıpta uzmanlık) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2008
Libra Kayıt No: 4986
Libra Kayıt No: 4986
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