Publication: Kudüs Harem-i Şerif Kitâbelerinin Hat Sanatı Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Emevî'den Osmanlı'ya değin hilâfet merkezli devletlere ev sahipliği yapan Kudüs Harem-i şerif bölgesinin çok zikredilmeyen mühim bir vasfı, -en erken tarihli mimari şaheseri Kubbetü's-Sahra başta olmak üzere- çok sayıda âbidevi yapıyı bünyesinde barındırmasıdır. Hâkim kültürün yerel unsurlarla mecz edilmesinin neticesi olan Harem yapıları; erken dönemlerden yakın zamana kadar birçok medeniyetin katkısı ile günümüze intikal etmiştir. Bir mimari eserin hangi döneme ait olduğunu belirlemenin en güçlü kanıtı, kuşkusuz kitabeleridir. Mekânın ruhunu oluşturan ve aynı zamanda mekâna kendi ruhunu vererek bugünle geçmiş arasında sıkı bağ kurulmasını sağlayan Harem kitâbeleri hem yazı sanatının tekâmül serüvenini hem de İslâmi dönem Kudüs'ün tarihini anlamak için en önemli yapı taşlarındandır. Bu noktadan hareketle yola çıkan araştırmamız, Kudüs Harem-i Şerif bölgesi mimari eserlerindeki İslâmi dönem yazılarını mercek altına almaktadır. Çalışmanın ana gayesi, hassas bir bölgede yer alan Harem kitâbelerini kayıt altına almak ve yazının gelişimini mana form bütünlüğü içinde takip etmektir. Yapılan saha araştırma neticesinde 144 dönümlük Kudüs Haremi'nde irili-ufaklı 135 kitâbeye ulaşılmış, her biri okunarak Türkçe'ye çevrilmiştir. Kitâbelerin üzerinde bulunduğu mimari yapı esas alınarak yapılan içerik analizinin ardından her bir harf ve kelime grupları dönemi bağlamında şekil açısından değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulmuştur.
An important and under-mentioned feature of Jerusalem's Haram al-Sharif region, which hosted caliphate-centered states from the Umayyad to the Ottoman period, is that it contains many monumental buildings, including the earliest architectural masterpiece, the Dome of the Rock. Haram structures, which are the result of the dominant culture combined with local elements, have survived to the present day with the contributions of many civilizations from the early periods to recent times. The strongest evidence to determine the period to which an architectural work belongs is undoubtedly its inscriptions. Haram inscriptions, which form the soul of the space and at the same time provide a close connection between the present and the past by giving the space its own soul, are among the most important building blocks to understand both the evolution of the art of writing and the history of Jerusalem in the Islamic period. Starting from this point, our research focuses on the Islamic period writings in the architectural works of the Haram al-Sharif region of Jerusalem. The main purpose of the study is to record the Haram inscriptions in a sensitive region and to follow the development of the writing in the integrity of meaning and form. As a result of the field research, 135 inscriptions, large and small, were found in the 144-acres Jerusalem Haram, and each of them was read and translated into Turkish. After the content analysis based on the architectural structure on which the inscriptions were found, each letter and word groups were evaluated in terms of form in the context of the period.
An important and under-mentioned feature of Jerusalem's Haram al-Sharif region, which hosted caliphate-centered states from the Umayyad to the Ottoman period, is that it contains many monumental buildings, including the earliest architectural masterpiece, the Dome of the Rock. Haram structures, which are the result of the dominant culture combined with local elements, have survived to the present day with the contributions of many civilizations from the early periods to recent times. The strongest evidence to determine the period to which an architectural work belongs is undoubtedly its inscriptions. Haram inscriptions, which form the soul of the space and at the same time provide a close connection between the present and the past by giving the space its own soul, are among the most important building blocks to understand both the evolution of the art of writing and the history of Jerusalem in the Islamic period. Starting from this point, our research focuses on the Islamic period writings in the architectural works of the Haram al-Sharif region of Jerusalem. The main purpose of the study is to record the Haram inscriptions in a sensitive region and to follow the development of the writing in the integrity of meaning and form. As a result of the field research, 135 inscriptions, large and small, were found in the 144-acres Jerusalem Haram, and each of them was read and translated into Turkish. After the content analysis based on the architectural structure on which the inscriptions were found, each letter and word groups were evaluated in terms of form in the context of the period.
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