Publication: Multipl Myelom Tanılı 2. Nüks Gelişen Hastalarda Kullanılan Tedavi Rejimlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Amaç: Multipl myelom (MM) kemik iliğinde malign plazma hücrelerinin neoplastik proliferasyonu ile karakterize bir hastalıktır. Hematolojik malignitelerin %10'unu oluşturmaktadır ve sıklığı giderek artmaktadır. Yeni ajanlar ve tedavi rejimleri gelişmesine rağmen nüksler ile seyretmektedir. Çalışmamızda MM tanılı takibinde ikinci nüks gelişen hastaların tedavi rejimlerinin etkinlikleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Hematoloji departmanında Ocak 2014 ile Aralık 2023 tarihleri arasında MM tanılı takibinde ikinci nüks gelişen hastalar çalışmaya alındı. Hastaların MM alt tipi, hiperkalsemi varlığı, renal fonksiyon bozukluğu varlığı, kemik lezyon varlığı, anemi varlığı, komorbidite varlığı, OKHN varlığı, ilk tedavide kullanılan rejimler, birinci ve ikinci nükse kadar süre, birinci ve ikinci nükste kullanılan tedaviler, genel sağkalım (OS), progresyonsuz sağkalım (PFS) oranları retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler ise SPSS v21 yazılımı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların %55,5'i erkek, %44,5'i kadındı. Yaş ortalaması 63±9,43 yıl olarak saptandı. Başlangıçta bulguları arasında en sık olan anemi (%88,8) olarak saptandı. En sık görülen komorbidite ise hipertansiyon (%27,8) olarak saptandı. Çalışmada OS ortalama 67,98 ay olarak bulundu. İlk tedavi ile birinci nükse kadar geçen süre değerlendirildiğinde, bortezomib alan hastalarda birinci nükse kadar geçen süre daha uzun saptandı (ortanca süre: 48 ay, p=0,013). Birinci nükste kullanılan tedavilerden iksazomibin remisyon oluşturma ihtimalini artırmakta olduğu saptandı (p=0,006). Birinci nükste uygulanan tedavi rejimi ile ikinci nüks arasındaki süre karşılaştırıldığında, tedavi türleri arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı (p=0,367). OKHN yapılan hastalarda OS süreleri daha uzun saptandı. İkinci nükste daratumumab veya iksazomib kullanılması remisyonda hastalık oluşturma ihtimalini artırmakta olduğu saptandı (p=0,024, 0,008). Sonuç: MM'da ikinci nüks sonrası tedavi seçimi, hastanın demografik özellikleri, komorbiditeleri ve önceki tedavi yanıtları doğrultusunda planlanmalıdır. Daratumumab ve iksazomib kullanmak RRMM'da remisyon oluşturma olasılığını artırmaktadır. Çalışma, ikinci nüks sonrası kullanılan tedavi rejimlerinin etkinliği konusunda önemli veriler sunarak, gelecekteki klinik uygulamalara ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Multipl Myelom; Relaps/Refrakter Multipl Myelom; İmmunmodülatör Ajanlar; Proteozom inhibitörleri; Anti-CD38 Monoklonal Antikorlar
Introduction and Aim: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. It accounts for 10% of hematologic malignancies, and its incidence is steadily increasing. Despite advancements in new agents and treatment regimens, it continues with relapses. In our study, the effectiveness of the treatment regimens patients with MM diagnosis who developed a second relapse during follow-up were evaluated retrospectively. Materials and Methods: In this study, patients diagnosed with MM and who developed a second relapse during follow-up at the Hematology Department of Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2014 and December 2023 were evaluated. The patients' MM subtype, presence of hypercalcemia, presence of renal dysfunction, presence of bone lesions, presence of anemia, presence of comorbidities, presence of ASCN, regimens used in the first treatment, time from the first to the second relapse, treatments used in the first to the second relapse, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were retrospectively examined. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v21 software. Results: Of the patients, 55.5% were male and 44.5% were female, The recorded age was 63±9.43 years. Anemia was the most common initial symptom (88.8%), and hypertension was the most frequently observed comorbidity (27.8%). The average OS was found to be 67.98 months. The time to first relapse was significantly longer in patients treated with bortezomib during initial therapy (median time: 48 months, p=0.013). Among the treatments used in the first relapse, ixazomib was found to increase the likelihood of inducing remission (p=0.006). When the treatment regimen applied in the first relapse was compared with the time between the second relapse, no significant difference was found between the treatment types (p=0.367). Patients who underwent ASCT had longer OS durations. In the second relapse, the use of daratumumab or ixazomib was found to increase the probability of the disease going into remission (p=0.024, 0.008). Conclusion: Treatment selection after the second relapse in MM should be tailored based on the patient's demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and responses to previous treatments. The use of daratumumab and ixazomib increases the likelihood of achieving remission in relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM). This study provides important data on the efficacy of treatment regimens used after the second relapse, aiming to guide future clinical practices. Keywords: Multiple Myeloma; Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma; Immunomodulatory Agents; Proteasome Inhibitors; Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibodies
Introduction and Aim: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. It accounts for 10% of hematologic malignancies, and its incidence is steadily increasing. Despite advancements in new agents and treatment regimens, it continues with relapses. In our study, the effectiveness of the treatment regimens patients with MM diagnosis who developed a second relapse during follow-up were evaluated retrospectively. Materials and Methods: In this study, patients diagnosed with MM and who developed a second relapse during follow-up at the Hematology Department of Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2014 and December 2023 were evaluated. The patients' MM subtype, presence of hypercalcemia, presence of renal dysfunction, presence of bone lesions, presence of anemia, presence of comorbidities, presence of ASCN, regimens used in the first treatment, time from the first to the second relapse, treatments used in the first to the second relapse, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were retrospectively examined. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v21 software. Results: Of the patients, 55.5% were male and 44.5% were female, The recorded age was 63±9.43 years. Anemia was the most common initial symptom (88.8%), and hypertension was the most frequently observed comorbidity (27.8%). The average OS was found to be 67.98 months. The time to first relapse was significantly longer in patients treated with bortezomib during initial therapy (median time: 48 months, p=0.013). Among the treatments used in the first relapse, ixazomib was found to increase the likelihood of inducing remission (p=0.006). When the treatment regimen applied in the first relapse was compared with the time between the second relapse, no significant difference was found between the treatment types (p=0.367). Patients who underwent ASCT had longer OS durations. In the second relapse, the use of daratumumab or ixazomib was found to increase the probability of the disease going into remission (p=0.024, 0.008). Conclusion: Treatment selection after the second relapse in MM should be tailored based on the patient's demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and responses to previous treatments. The use of daratumumab and ixazomib increases the likelihood of achieving remission in relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM). This study provides important data on the efficacy of treatment regimens used after the second relapse, aiming to guide future clinical practices. Keywords: Multiple Myeloma; Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma; Immunomodulatory Agents; Proteasome Inhibitors; Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibodies
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