Publication: Yunus Emre Divanı'nda Edatlar
Abstract
Geleneksel yaklaşımda edatlar, anlamı olmayan görevli biçim birimler olarak tanımlanır. Türkçede doğrudan edat türeten ek yoktur. Bundan dolayı dil ya başka dillerden alıntılama yoluna yahut kalıplaşma yoluna gitmiştir. Genel olarak Türkçedeki edatlar isim, fiil veya zarf türünden sözcüklerin kalıplaşıp yeni bir gramer işlevi kazanmasıyla oluştuğu için tamamen anlamsız biçim birimler değildirler. Özellikle çekim edatlarının hem zarf olarak hem de edat olarak kullanılabilmesi edatların kısmen anlam taşıdığını gösterir. Aslında Türkçede, Batı dillerindeki gibi bir edat türü yoktur. Batı dillerinde edatlar ön ek şeklinde tanımlanır. Ancak Türkçede diğer dillerin edatlarına karşılık hâl ekleri ile sözlüksel biçim birim olan edatlar bulunduğu için Türkçedeki edatların varlığı ve kullanımı Batı dillerinden farklıdır. İstem kavramı fiil üzerinden ortaya çıksa da cümledeki her sözcük öbeği bir seçim sonucu oluşur. Edatlar mantıksal açıdan istemli sözcükler oldukları için cümle içinde kendi öbeklerini kurarlarken bir seçimlik söz konusudur. Başka bir ifadeyle edatların da isim ve fiiller gibi cümle içinde anlamsal, sözlüksel ve dil bilgisel istemleri vardır. Türkçedeki edatların oluşumunda, özellikle bağlaçlarda dil bilgiselleşme önemli bir yer tutar. Çünkü Türkçedeki bağlaçların çoğu dil bilgiselleşme sonucu oluşmuştur. Çekim edatları hem edat hem de zarf olarak kullanılabildiği için dil bilgiselleşme sürecindeki biçim birimlerdir. Dil bilgiselleşme yoluyla oluşan edatların çoğu Türkiye Türkçesinde varlığını sürdürmektedir. Eski Anadolu Türkçesi dönemi metin üretimi açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Yunus Emre de dönemine ve gelecek yüzyıllarlara damga vurmuş, dilinin sadeliğinden ve özellikle eserlerini Türkçe üretmiş olmasından dolayı birçok araştırmacının çalışmasına malzeme olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Yunus Emre Divanı'ndaki edatlar, istem ve dil bilgiselleşme açısından incelenmiş ve Türkiye Türkçesindeki kullanımları ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
In the traditional approach, postpositions are defined as morphemes with no meaning. Three is no suffixes in the Turkish language that directly derive postposition. Therefore, language has either gone from other languages to the way of quoting or stereotyping. Generally, postpositions in Turkish language are not completely meaningless morphames as they are formed by the formation of words from substantive, verb or adverb type and acquire a new grammatical function. In particular, the fact that inflectional postpositions can be used both as adverbs and as postposition shows that postpositions have partial meaning. In fact, in Turkish language, there is no postposition type as in Western languages. In Western languages, postpositions are defined in the form of prefixes. However, since there are postpositions in Turkish language that correspond to the postpositions of other languages and postpositions that are lexical morphemes, the existence and use of postpostions in Turkish language are different from Western languages. Although the notion of the volition from the verb, every lexical bundle in the sentence is a result of choice. Because postpositions are logically optional words, there is a choice when setting up their own lexical bundle in sentences. In other words, postpositions, like substantive and verbs, have semantic, verbal and grammatical volitions in sentences. In the formation of postpositions in Turkish language, especially in the conjunctions, grammaticalization takes an important place. Because most of the conjuction in Turkish language are the result of grammaticalisation. Because inflectional postpositions can be used both as postposition and as adverbs, they are the form morpheme in the grammaticalisation process. Most of the postpositions formed through grammaticalisation continue to exist in Turkish. The old Anatolian Turkish period has an important place in terms of text production. Yunus Emre also marked the period and the coming centuries, and it has been the material for the work of many researchers because of the simplicity of its language and especially because it has produced its works in Turkish language. In this study, postpositions in the Divan of Yunus Emre were examined in terms of prompting and stereotypes and compared with their use in present Turkish language.
In the traditional approach, postpositions are defined as morphemes with no meaning. Three is no suffixes in the Turkish language that directly derive postposition. Therefore, language has either gone from other languages to the way of quoting or stereotyping. Generally, postpositions in Turkish language are not completely meaningless morphames as they are formed by the formation of words from substantive, verb or adverb type and acquire a new grammatical function. In particular, the fact that inflectional postpositions can be used both as adverbs and as postposition shows that postpositions have partial meaning. In fact, in Turkish language, there is no postposition type as in Western languages. In Western languages, postpositions are defined in the form of prefixes. However, since there are postpositions in Turkish language that correspond to the postpositions of other languages and postpositions that are lexical morphemes, the existence and use of postpostions in Turkish language are different from Western languages. Although the notion of the volition from the verb, every lexical bundle in the sentence is a result of choice. Because postpositions are logically optional words, there is a choice when setting up their own lexical bundle in sentences. In other words, postpositions, like substantive and verbs, have semantic, verbal and grammatical volitions in sentences. In the formation of postpositions in Turkish language, especially in the conjunctions, grammaticalization takes an important place. Because most of the conjuction in Turkish language are the result of grammaticalisation. Because inflectional postpositions can be used both as postposition and as adverbs, they are the form morpheme in the grammaticalisation process. Most of the postpositions formed through grammaticalisation continue to exist in Turkish. The old Anatolian Turkish period has an important place in terms of text production. Yunus Emre also marked the period and the coming centuries, and it has been the material for the work of many researchers because of the simplicity of its language and especially because it has produced its works in Turkish language. In this study, postpositions in the Divan of Yunus Emre were examined in terms of prompting and stereotypes and compared with their use in present Turkish language.
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