Publication: Tiroid İlişkili Oftalmopati Hastalığında Koroid Kalınlığının Oftalmik Tutulum Açısından Kullanılabilirliği
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AMAÇ: Tiroid hastalıklarının koroid kalınlığı üzerine etkilerini ve tiroid hastalıklarında oftalmik tutulum açısından koroid kalınlığının kullanılabilirliğini araştırmak. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları Ana Bilim Dalı Oküloplasti Birimi'ne üniversitemiz Dahiliye Endokrinoloji Bölümü tarafından tiroid patolojisi tanısı konularak göz tutulumu için gönderilen ve tiroid ilişkili oftalmopati tanısı olan 40 hastanın 40 gözü (grup 1), tiroid hastalığı olup oftalmik tutulumu olmayan 40 hastanın 40 gözü (grup 2) ve tamamen sağlıklı 40 bireyin 40 gözü (grup 3) alındı. Çalışmaya alınan tüm gözlerin en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği, renkli görme, biyomikroskopik ön segment muayenesi, Goldmann aplanasyon tonometresi ile göz içi basıncı (GİB) ölçümü, dilate fundus muayenesini içeren detaylı oftalmoskopik muayenesi yapıldı. Hertel ekzoftalmometre ile propitoz derecesi belirlendi. Orbita MR ile kas tutulumu olup olmadığı değerlendirildi. Cirrus OCT ile koroid kalınlığı fovea nazali ve temporalinde 500 μm aralıklarla 3000 μm'ye kadar 6 noktada, peripapiller alanda nazal ve temporalde 500 μm aralıklarla 2000 μm'ye kadar 4 noktada ve subfoveal alanda koroid kalınlığı iki göz asistanı tarafından art arda ölçülerek ortalaması alınıp kaydedildi. Tüm değerler grup 1, grup 2 ve grup 3 arasında karşılaştırıldı. Grup 1'de NOSPECS ve klinik aktivite skoru belirlendi. BULGULAR: Grup 1, grup 2 ve grup 3 arasında demografik özellikler açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0.05). Grup 1'de sağ gözlerdeki ortalama GİB, grup 2 ve grup 3'e göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha yüksek saptanırken (p<0,001), sol göz ortalama GİB'de ise üç grup arasında anlamlı bir fark görülmedi (p>0.05). Grup 1'de sağ ve sol gözlerdeki hertel ekzoftalmometre değerleri, grup 2 ve grup 3'e göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p<0,001). Grup 1'de ortalama subfoveal koroid kalınlığı 277,73 ± 74,89 μm, nazal maküla alanında ortalama koroid kalınlığı 222,63 ± 62,26 μm, temporal maküla alanında 225,84 ± 51,48 μm, nazal peripapiller alanda 185,16 ± 49,73 μm ve temporal peripapiller alanda 180,20 ± 48,76 μm olarak bulundu. Grup 2'de ortalama subfoveal koroid kalınlığı 288,03 ± 49,75 μm, nazal maküla alanında ortalama koroid kalınlığı 234,41 ± 54,06 μm, temporal maküla alanında 244,00 ± 44,01 μm, nazal peripapiller alanda 207,09 ± 60,50 μm ve temporal peripapiller alanda 201,99 ± 52,25 μm olarak bulundu. Grup 3'de ortalama subfoveal koroid kalınlığı 240,18 ± 49,99 μm, nazal maküla alanında ortalama koroid kalınlığı 204,26 ± 46,85 μm, temporal maküla alanında 196,14 ± 41,80 μm, nazal peripapilller alanda 187,89 ± 45,69 μm ve temporal peripapiller alanda 173,33 ± 41,87 μm olarak bulundu. Grup 1 ve grup 2'de temporal maküla ve subfoveal alanda koroid kalınlığı, grup 2 ve grup 3'e kıyasla daha yüksek bulundu (p<0.001). Ayrıca grup 2'de temporal peripapiller alanda koroid kalınlığı, grup 1 ve grup 3'e göre daha yüksek bulundu (p=0.012). Nazal maküla ve nazal peripapiller alanda ise üç grup arasında koroid kalınlığında anlamlı bir farklılık görülmedi (p>0.05). Grup 1'de 40 hastanın ortalama Nospecs skoru 2,45 ± 1.8 ve KAS ise 1,18 ± 1,0 olarak bulunmuştur. SONUÇ: Tiroid ilişkili oftalmopati olan hastalarda Hertel ekzoftamometre ve göz içi basıncı değerlerinde artış olduğu gösterilmiştir. Tiroid ile ilişkili oftalmopati grubunda diğer oküler inflamatuar hastalıklara göre koroid kalınlığında belirgin düzeyde artış olmaması klinik aktivite skorunun düşük olması ve ilerleyici fibrozise bağlanabilir. Ayrıca inflamasyonun koroidde iskemik değişikliklere neden olması sebebiyle de olabilir. Koroid dokusunun birçok değişken ile kalınlığında değişiklik olması ve çalışmamızda koroid kalınlığında çok belirgin bir artış olmaması nedeniyle tiroid ilişkili oftalmopati tanı ve takibinde koroid kalınlığının kullanımı mümkün gözükmemektedir. Fakat klinik bulgu yokluğu ve MR veya BT'de kas tutulumu olmaması nedeniyle oftalmik tutulumu olmayan olarak kabul edilen tiroid hastalarında koroid tutulumu olabileceği gösterilmiştir.
PURPOSE: To research the effects of thyroid diseases on the thickness of choroid and the usability of choroid thickness in thyroid diseases in terms of ophthalmic involvement. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 40 eyes of 40 patients diagnosed with thyroid related ophthalmology who were sent to Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Medicine, department of ophthalmology, Oculoplasty Unit by the department of Internal Medicine Endocrinology for ocular involvement after a diagnosis of thyroid pathology (group 1), 40 eyes of 40 patients who had thyroid disease but no ophthalmic involvement (group 2) and 40 eyes of 40 completely healthy individuals (group 3) were included in the study. A detailed ophthalmoscopic examination which included best corrected visual acuity, color vision, biomicroscopic anterior segment examination, Goldmann applanation Tonometry, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and dilated fundus examination was performed on all the eyes included in the study. Proptosis degree was found with Hertel exophthalmometer. Orbita MR was used to find out whether there was muscle involvement. Choroid thickness was measured at fovea nasal and temporal at six points up to 3000 μm with intervals of 500 μm, at 4 points up to 2000 μm with intervals of 500 μm in the peripapillary area and in subfoveal area with Cirrus OCT successively by two ophthalmology assistants and the averages were recorded. All the values were compared between group 1, group 2 and group 3. NOSPECS and clinical activity score were found in Group 1. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between group 1, group 2 and group 3 in terms of demographic features (p>0.05). Average IOP of the rights eyes of group 1 were found to be statistically significantly higher when compared with group 2 and 3 (p<0,001), while no significant difference was found between three groups in terms of average IOP (p>0.05). Hertel exophthalmometer values of right and left eyes of group 1 were found significantly higher when compared with group 2 and 3 (p<0,001). In group 1, average subfoveal choroid thickness was 277,73 ± 74,89 μm, average choroid thickness was 222,63 ± 62,26 μm in nasal macular area, 225,84 ± 51,48 μm in temporal macular area, 185,16 ± 49,73 μm in nasal peripapillary area and 180,20 ± 48,76 μm in temporal peripapillary area. In group 2, average subfoveal choroid thickness was 288,03 ± 49,75 μm, average choroid thickness was 234,41 ± 54,06 μm in nasal macular area, 244,00 ± 44,01 μm in temporal macular area, 207,09 ± 60,50 μm in nasal peripapillary area and 201,99 ± 52,25 μm in temporal peripapillary area. In group 3, average subfoveal choroid thickness was 240,18 ± 49,99 μm, average choroid thickness was 204,26 ± 46,85 μm in nasal macular area, 196,14 ± 41,80 μm in temporal macular area, 187,89 ± 45,69 μm μm in nasal peripapillary area and 173,33 ± 41,87 μm in temporal peripapillary area. In group 1 and group 2, choroid thickness in temporal macula and subfoveal area was found to be higher when compared with group 3 (p<0.001). In addition, in group 2, choroid thickness in temporal peripapillary area was found to be higher when compared with group 1 and group 3 (p=0.012). No significant difference was found in the choroid thickness of three groups in nasal macula and nasal peripapillary area (p>0.05). Average Nospec scores of 40 patients in group 1 was 2,45 ± 1.8 and CAS was found as 1,18 ± 1,0. CONCLUSION: In patients with thyroid related ophthalmopathy, an increase was found in Hertel exophthalmometer and intraocular pressure. The fact that there was no significant increase in the choroid thickness of thyroid related ophthalmopathy group when compared with other ocular inflammatory diseases can be explained by low clinical activity scores and progressive fibrosis. The reason can also be the ischemic changes in choroid caused by inflammation. The use of choroid thickness in the diagnosis and follow-up of thyroid related ophthalmopathy does not seem possible since changes occurred in the thickness of choroid tissue with a great number of variables and since there was not a very significant increase in choroid thickness in our study. However, it has been shown that choroid involvement can occur in thyroid patients with no ophthalmologic involvement due to absence of clinical findings and since no muscle involvement was observed in MR or CT.
PURPOSE: To research the effects of thyroid diseases on the thickness of choroid and the usability of choroid thickness in thyroid diseases in terms of ophthalmic involvement. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 40 eyes of 40 patients diagnosed with thyroid related ophthalmology who were sent to Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Medicine, department of ophthalmology, Oculoplasty Unit by the department of Internal Medicine Endocrinology for ocular involvement after a diagnosis of thyroid pathology (group 1), 40 eyes of 40 patients who had thyroid disease but no ophthalmic involvement (group 2) and 40 eyes of 40 completely healthy individuals (group 3) were included in the study. A detailed ophthalmoscopic examination which included best corrected visual acuity, color vision, biomicroscopic anterior segment examination, Goldmann applanation Tonometry, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and dilated fundus examination was performed on all the eyes included in the study. Proptosis degree was found with Hertel exophthalmometer. Orbita MR was used to find out whether there was muscle involvement. Choroid thickness was measured at fovea nasal and temporal at six points up to 3000 μm with intervals of 500 μm, at 4 points up to 2000 μm with intervals of 500 μm in the peripapillary area and in subfoveal area with Cirrus OCT successively by two ophthalmology assistants and the averages were recorded. All the values were compared between group 1, group 2 and group 3. NOSPECS and clinical activity score were found in Group 1. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between group 1, group 2 and group 3 in terms of demographic features (p>0.05). Average IOP of the rights eyes of group 1 were found to be statistically significantly higher when compared with group 2 and 3 (p<0,001), while no significant difference was found between three groups in terms of average IOP (p>0.05). Hertel exophthalmometer values of right and left eyes of group 1 were found significantly higher when compared with group 2 and 3 (p<0,001). In group 1, average subfoveal choroid thickness was 277,73 ± 74,89 μm, average choroid thickness was 222,63 ± 62,26 μm in nasal macular area, 225,84 ± 51,48 μm in temporal macular area, 185,16 ± 49,73 μm in nasal peripapillary area and 180,20 ± 48,76 μm in temporal peripapillary area. In group 2, average subfoveal choroid thickness was 288,03 ± 49,75 μm, average choroid thickness was 234,41 ± 54,06 μm in nasal macular area, 244,00 ± 44,01 μm in temporal macular area, 207,09 ± 60,50 μm in nasal peripapillary area and 201,99 ± 52,25 μm in temporal peripapillary area. In group 3, average subfoveal choroid thickness was 240,18 ± 49,99 μm, average choroid thickness was 204,26 ± 46,85 μm in nasal macular area, 196,14 ± 41,80 μm in temporal macular area, 187,89 ± 45,69 μm μm in nasal peripapillary area and 173,33 ± 41,87 μm in temporal peripapillary area. In group 1 and group 2, choroid thickness in temporal macula and subfoveal area was found to be higher when compared with group 3 (p<0.001). In addition, in group 2, choroid thickness in temporal peripapillary area was found to be higher when compared with group 1 and group 3 (p=0.012). No significant difference was found in the choroid thickness of three groups in nasal macula and nasal peripapillary area (p>0.05). Average Nospec scores of 40 patients in group 1 was 2,45 ± 1.8 and CAS was found as 1,18 ± 1,0. CONCLUSION: In patients with thyroid related ophthalmopathy, an increase was found in Hertel exophthalmometer and intraocular pressure. The fact that there was no significant increase in the choroid thickness of thyroid related ophthalmopathy group when compared with other ocular inflammatory diseases can be explained by low clinical activity scores and progressive fibrosis. The reason can also be the ischemic changes in choroid caused by inflammation. The use of choroid thickness in the diagnosis and follow-up of thyroid related ophthalmopathy does not seem possible since changes occurred in the thickness of choroid tissue with a great number of variables and since there was not a very significant increase in choroid thickness in our study. However, it has been shown that choroid involvement can occur in thyroid patients with no ophthalmologic involvement due to absence of clinical findings and since no muscle involvement was observed in MR or CT.
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Tez (tıpta uzmanlık) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2015
Libra Kayıt No: 87046
Libra Kayıt No: 87046
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