Publication: Türkiye'de Yerel Yönetimlerde Kadın İstihdamı: Beyoğlu Belediyesi Özelinde Bir İnceleme
Abstract
Türkiye'de nüfusun yarısını oluşturan kadınlar, hem kamu sektörü hem de özel sektör istihdamında yeterince temsil edilememektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kamu sektörünün bir alt kolu olan yerel yönetimlerde kadın istihdamının yapısını ve kadınların çalışma örüntülerini Türkiye'nin en eski belediyelerinden biri olan Beyoğlu Belediyesi özelinde detaylı olarak irdelemektir. Araştırmada sosyal bilimlerde hem nicel hem de nitel verileri toplamayı mümkün kılan ve durumu derinlemesine incelemeye imkân sağlayan karma yönteme başvurulmuş, bu çerçevede uygulanan anket ile Beyoğlu Belediyesi'nde istihdam edilen 58 kadın, inceleme kapsamına alınmıştır. Çalışmada amaçlı (yargısal) örnekleme yöntemi esas alınmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, araştırma döneminde Beyoğlu Belediyesi'nde kadın çalışanların oranı %20'dir. Kadınlar en fazla memur, ikinci olarak şirket personeli statülerinde istihdam edilmektedirler. Mühendis-memur gibi üst düzey statülerde kadın istihdamı sınırlıdır. İstihdam yapısında yatay ayrışma ve dikey ayrışma belirgindir. İncelenen kadınların elde ettikleri gelir üzerinde tasarruf hakkının yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan, incelenen kadınların yarıdan fazlasının herhangi bir gayrimenkul mülkiyetinin olmadığı saptanmıştır. Bakıma muhtaç küçük çocuğu olan kadınların ağırlıkla aile bireylerinden destek aldıkları belirlenmiş olup, belediyenin kreşinden faydalanan kadın sayısının daha az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Görüşülen kadınların dörtte üçünden fazlası Beyoğlu Belediyesi'nde istihdam edilmekten oldukça memnun olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Belediyenin güvenceli istihdam yapısı, kurumda maaşların her daim zamanında ve tam ödenmesi, çalışma saatlerinin daha düzenli olması, yasal izin kullanabilmenin daha rahat oluşu ve emeklilik hakları gibi unsurlar istihdamı cazip kılan unsurlardır. Araştırma alanında zabıta memuru, mimar, mühendis gibi ağırlıkla erkek mesleği olarak görülen mesleklerde istihdam edilen kadınların zaman zaman vatandaşın ön yargılı tutumlarıyla karşı karşıya kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, görüşülen kadınların yarısı kadın yönetici ile çalışmanın zor olduğunu ifade etmiş, ilgili duruma gerekçe olarak kadının egolu, kıskanç, hırslı, detaycı olması gibi kadına yönelik stereotipleri öne sürmüştür.
Women, who constitute half of the population, are underrepresented in both public and private sector employment in Turkey. The aim of this study is to examine in detail the structure of women's employment in local governments, which is a sub-branch of the public sector, and the working patterns of women in Beyoğlu Municipality, one of the oldest municipalities in Turkey. In the research, mixed method, which enables the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data in social sciences and enables an in-depth examination of the situation, was used, and 58 women employed in Beyoglu Municipality were included in the scope of the study with the questionnaire applied within this framework. The study was based on purposive (judgemental) sampling method. According to the research findings, the rate of female employees in Beyoglu Municipality is 20 per cent in the research period. Women are mostly employed as civil servants and secondly as company personnel. There is limited employment of women in senior positions such as engineers and civil servants. Horizontal segregation and vertical segregation are evident in the employment structure. It has been determined that the women analysed have a high right to save on their income. On the other hand, more than half of the women analysed do not own any real estate. It has been determined that women with young children in need of care are mostly supported by family members, and the number of women benefiting from the municipality's day-care centre is lower. More than three quarters of the women interviewed stated that they were very satisfied with their employment in Beyoglu Municipality. Factors such as the secure employment structure of the municipality, the fact that salaries are always paid on time and in full, working hours are more regular, it is easier to use legal leave and retirement rights are factors that make employment attractive. In the research area, it was determined that women employed in professions such as police officers, architects and engineers, which are predominantly seen as male professions, sometimes face prejudiced attitudes of citizens. In addition, half of the women interviewed stated that it was difficult to work with a female manager, citing stereotypes of women such as being egoistic, jealous, ambitious and detail-orientated as reasons for this situation.
Women, who constitute half of the population, are underrepresented in both public and private sector employment in Turkey. The aim of this study is to examine in detail the structure of women's employment in local governments, which is a sub-branch of the public sector, and the working patterns of women in Beyoğlu Municipality, one of the oldest municipalities in Turkey. In the research, mixed method, which enables the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data in social sciences and enables an in-depth examination of the situation, was used, and 58 women employed in Beyoglu Municipality were included in the scope of the study with the questionnaire applied within this framework. The study was based on purposive (judgemental) sampling method. According to the research findings, the rate of female employees in Beyoglu Municipality is 20 per cent in the research period. Women are mostly employed as civil servants and secondly as company personnel. There is limited employment of women in senior positions such as engineers and civil servants. Horizontal segregation and vertical segregation are evident in the employment structure. It has been determined that the women analysed have a high right to save on their income. On the other hand, more than half of the women analysed do not own any real estate. It has been determined that women with young children in need of care are mostly supported by family members, and the number of women benefiting from the municipality's day-care centre is lower. More than three quarters of the women interviewed stated that they were very satisfied with their employment in Beyoglu Municipality. Factors such as the secure employment structure of the municipality, the fact that salaries are always paid on time and in full, working hours are more regular, it is easier to use legal leave and retirement rights are factors that make employment attractive. In the research area, it was determined that women employed in professions such as police officers, architects and engineers, which are predominantly seen as male professions, sometimes face prejudiced attitudes of citizens. In addition, half of the women interviewed stated that it was difficult to work with a female manager, citing stereotypes of women such as being egoistic, jealous, ambitious and detail-orientated as reasons for this situation.
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