A Comprehensive Analysis of Gingival Phenotype: Interaction and Relationship Between Gingival and Tooth Morphometric Parameters

Abstract

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the relationship between clinical and morphological parameters and gingival phenotype and to compare gingival phenotype across arch location. MethodsClinical measurements of gingival thickness (GT) keratinized gingival width (KGW) and papilla height (PH) were obtained of 50 individuals. In addition, dental stone models were measured for crown width (CW), crown length (CL) and gingival angle (GA). Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests, with a p-value of < 0.05 considered significant. ResultsUnivariate analysis indicated that women were 4.1 times more likely to have thinner GT than men, whereas multivariate analysis found the likelihood to be 6.7 times higher. GT was thicker in the maxillary right posterior region than in other regions. A moderate positive correlation was found between GT and GA, and a weak positive correlation was found between GT and KGW. A weak negative correlation was found between GT and CL, with GT tending to decrease with increases in CL. No statistically significant correlation was found between GT and CW/CL. ROC analysis identified significant cut-off values for determining the gingival phenotype. ConclusionsThe current study found GT to vary with gender and dental-arch location. Furthermore, different crown morphologies were found to be associated with different periodontal soft-tissue characteristics. Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered in the Protocol Registration and Results System at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov with the registration number NCT06369493 on 2024-04-01.