Publication: Antarktika Horseshoe Adası'nın Mikrobiyal Biyoçeşitliliğinin Metagenomik Analizi
Abstract
Antarktika kıtası kurak iklimi, yükseltinin fazla olması, oldukça rüzgârlı yapısı ve düşük sıcaklık değerleri ile öne çıkan ekstrem bir habitattır. Mikroorganizmaların kutup koşullarına adaptasyonu için metabolik ve hücresel adaptasyon mekanizmalarına gereksinim duymaktadır. Bu adaptasyon mekanizmalarına sahip olan mikroorganizmalar özellikle biyoteknoloji alanında sekonder metabolitleriyle birlikte önemli bir yer tutar. Bu çalışmada Antarktika Horseshoe Adası'ndan alınan su sediment ve toprak örneklerinin metagenomik yöntemlerle analiz yapılarak bölgede yer alan mikrobiyal çeşitliliğin literatüre kazandırılması hedeflendi. Çevresel örneklerden DNA izolasyonu yapılarak, 16S rRNA geninin V3-V4 bölgelerinin amplifikasyonundan sonra Illumina NovaSeq 6000 cihazında dizilenmiştir. Elde edilen dizi verileri QIIME 2 programında analiz edilmiş ve taksonomik gruplara ayrılmıştır. Taksonomik sonuçlara göre su örneğinde filum düzeyinde Pseudomonadota ve Bacteriodota; sınıf düzeyinde Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteriodia ve Alphaproteobacteria; familya düzeyinde Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Flavobacteriaceae ve Rhodobacterales; cins düzeyinde Pseudoalteromonas Polaribacter Sulfitobacter ve Psychrobacter tespit edilmiştir. Sediment örneğinde analiz sonuçlarına göre filum düzeyinde Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota, Verrucomicrobiota ve Actinobacteria; sınıf düzeyinde Bacteroidia, Gammaproteobacteria ve Verrucomicrobiae; familya düzeyinde Flavobacteriaceae, Rubritaleaceae ve Comamonadaceae; cins düzeyinde Ilumatobacter, Flavobacterium ve Maribacter tespit edilmiştir. Toprak örneğinde filum düzeyinde Bacillota, Bacteriodota ve Pseudomonadota; sınıf düzeyinde Bacteroidia, Bacili ve Clostridia; familya düzeyinde Chitinophagaceae, Bacteroidaceae ve Lachnospiraceae; cins düzeyinde Bacteroides, Lactobacillus ve Prevotella tespit edilmiştir. Alfa çeşitlilikte en yüksek oran toprak numunesinde görülürken en düşük miktar su numunesinde tespit edilmiştir. Numunelerin arasında mikroorganizma çeşitliliği benzerliği beta çeşitlilik olarak hesaplanmış ve aralarında anlamlı bir benzerlik bulunamamıştır. Bu çalışma ile Antartktika Horseshoe Adası'ndan toplanan denizel su, sediment ve toprak örneklerinin mikrobiyal biyoçeşitliliği metagenomik olarak ilk kez ortaya çıkarılmıştır
The Antarctic continent is an extreme habitat that stands out with its arid climate, high altitude, very windy structure and low temperature values. The adaptation of microorganisms to polar conditions requires metabolic and cellular adaptation mechanisms especially in the field of biotechnology, together with their secondary metabolites, microorganisms with these adaptation mechanisms hold important place. In this study, it has been aimed to the microbial diversity of Antarctic Horseshoe island to the literature by metagenomic analysis of water, sediment and soil samples taken from this region. DNA was isolated from environmental samples and sequenced in Illumina NovaSeq 6000 after amplification of V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene. The obtained sequence data were analyzed in the QIIME 2 program and divided into taxonomic groups. According to taxonomic results of the water sample, it was determined that mostly present taxa at the phylum level are Pseudomonadota and Bacteriodota; at the class-level are Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteriodia and Alphaproteobacteria; at the family level are Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Rhodobacterales; and at the genus level are Pseudoalteromonas, Polaribacter, Sulfitobacter and Psychrobacter. The results of analysis of the sediment sample showed presence of Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota, Verrucomicrobiota and Actinobacteria at the phylum level; Bacteroidia, Gammaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiae at the class level; Flavobacteriaceae, Rubritaleaceae and Comamonadaceae at the family level; and Ilumatobacter, Flavobacterium and Maribacter at the genus level. Analysis in the soil sample demonstrated that presence of Bacillota, Bacteriodota and Pseudomonadota at the phylum level; Bacteroidia, Bacili and Clostridia at class level; Chitinophagaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lachnospiraceae at the family level; and Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Prevotella at the genus level. The highest rate of alpha diversity was observed in the soil sample, while the lowest amount was determined in the water sample. The similarity of microorganism diversity among the samples was calculated as beta diversity and no significant similarity was found between each other. With this study, the microbial biodiversity of marine water, sediment and soil samples, which were collected from the Antarctic Horseshoe Island, were metagenomically revealed for the first time.
The Antarctic continent is an extreme habitat that stands out with its arid climate, high altitude, very windy structure and low temperature values. The adaptation of microorganisms to polar conditions requires metabolic and cellular adaptation mechanisms especially in the field of biotechnology, together with their secondary metabolites, microorganisms with these adaptation mechanisms hold important place. In this study, it has been aimed to the microbial diversity of Antarctic Horseshoe island to the literature by metagenomic analysis of water, sediment and soil samples taken from this region. DNA was isolated from environmental samples and sequenced in Illumina NovaSeq 6000 after amplification of V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene. The obtained sequence data were analyzed in the QIIME 2 program and divided into taxonomic groups. According to taxonomic results of the water sample, it was determined that mostly present taxa at the phylum level are Pseudomonadota and Bacteriodota; at the class-level are Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteriodia and Alphaproteobacteria; at the family level are Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Rhodobacterales; and at the genus level are Pseudoalteromonas, Polaribacter, Sulfitobacter and Psychrobacter. The results of analysis of the sediment sample showed presence of Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota, Verrucomicrobiota and Actinobacteria at the phylum level; Bacteroidia, Gammaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiae at the class level; Flavobacteriaceae, Rubritaleaceae and Comamonadaceae at the family level; and Ilumatobacter, Flavobacterium and Maribacter at the genus level. Analysis in the soil sample demonstrated that presence of Bacillota, Bacteriodota and Pseudomonadota at the phylum level; Bacteroidia, Bacili and Clostridia at class level; Chitinophagaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lachnospiraceae at the family level; and Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Prevotella at the genus level. The highest rate of alpha diversity was observed in the soil sample, while the lowest amount was determined in the water sample. The similarity of microorganism diversity among the samples was calculated as beta diversity and no significant similarity was found between each other. With this study, the microbial biodiversity of marine water, sediment and soil samples, which were collected from the Antarctic Horseshoe Island, were metagenomically revealed for the first time.
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