Publication: Trabzon Vilayeti'nde Ecnebiler (1853-1908)
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Trabzon Vilayeti, Osmanlı Devleti'nin önemli vilayetleri arasında yer almıştır. Doğal limanları, zengin yeraltı ve yer üstü kaynakları ile önemli bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, İran transit ticareti güzergâhında yer alması uluslararası bağlamda önemini daha da arttırmıştır. Karadeniz'in uluslararası ticarete açılması ve ecnebi vapur kumpanyalarının Trabzon Vilayeti limanlarına düzenli seferler yapmaya başlamasıyla birlikte vilayetteki hareketlilik artmıştır. Ticaret amacıyla vilayete gelen ecnebilerin sayısındaki yükseliş Trabzon'da yabancı ülkelerin siyasi temsilciliklerinin açılmasıyla daha da pekişmiştir. XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısının başlarında gerçekleşen Kırım Savaşı (1853-1856) esnasında ve sonrasında Trabzon Vilayeti'ndeki hareketlilik daha da artmıştır. Bu tarihten sonra Trabzon Vilayeti limanlarına sefer yapan vapur kumpanyalarının sayısında da düzenli bir artış yaşandığı gözlemlenmektedir. Avrupa'dan gelen ticari emtianın Trabzon Vilayeti limanlarına gelerek buradan karayolu vasıtasıyla İran'a nakliyesi bölgenin gelişmesine ve değişmesine yol açmıştır. Ayrıca Avrupa'nın ihtiyaç duyduğu hammadde kaynaklarının Trabzon Vilayeti'nden ve daha iç kısımlarda kalan yerleşim bölgelerinden karşılanması ecnebi şirketlerinin vilayet dâhilinde faaliyette bulunmalarına imkân sağlamıştır. Trabzon Vilayeti'nde artan ticari hareketlilik, bir takım gereksinimleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. İran ile yapılan ticarette mevcut karayollarının iyileştirilmesi ve yeni yolların yapılması kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Ayrıca, doğal limanların haricinde yeni limanların inşa edilmesi, Trabzon Vilayeti limanlarına gelen buharlıların daha rahat bir şekilde kıyıya yaklaşmalarına olanak sağlaması açısından elzem görülmüştür. Bu nedenle, Trabzon Vilayeti'nde gerçekleştirilmesi planlanan pek çok projede Avrupa'nın teknik bilgisinden Trabzon Vilayeti'ne gelen ecnebi mühendisler ve teknik elemanlar vasıtasıyla yararlanılmıştır. Trabzon Vilayeti'nde ayrıca, misyonerlik, eğitim, sağlık, taşımacılık gibi pek çok alanda, farklı meslek gruplarına mensup yabancı ülke vatandaşları varlık göstermiştir. Trabzon Vilayeti'nde Ecnebiler (1853-1908) adlı çalışmamızda, Trabzon Vilayeti'ne gelen ecnebilerin kimler oldukları, vilayette bulunma nedenleri ve bölgedeki faaliyetleri ele alınmıştır.
Trebizond Province was one of the most important provinces of the Ottoman Empire. It has an important location with its natural harbors, rich underground and ground sources. Moreover, the fact that it was located on Persian transit trade route raised its importance much more. The mobility in the province increased with the opening of Black Sea to the international trade and regular expeditions of the foreigner steamer companies to the Trebizond Province. The increase in the number of foreigners who came to the province in the aim of trade became strong with the opening of political agents of foreign countries in Trebizond. The mobility in the Trebizond Province increased much more during the Crimean War (1853-1856), which took place in the beginning of the second half of 19th century, and postwar period. It was observed that the number of steamer companies which cruised to Trebizond harbor increased regulary from the that date. The commercial goods coming from Europe came to the Trebizond ports and transported to Persia via the highway, which led to development and change of the region. In addition, the fact that the Europe needed the raw materials sources took place in Trebizond Province and inlands gave chance foreigner companies to carry out trade activities in the province. The trade mobility incresing in the province brought with a number of necessities. Improving the existing highways and making new ones was inevitable because of the trade with Persia. Moreover, the construction of new ports except the natural harbors was essential in terms of enabling the steamers coming to the ports of Trebizond Province to approach the shore more comfortably. For this reason, in many projects planned to be carried out in Trebizond Province, the technical knowledge of Europe was utilized by the engineers and technical staff who came to Trebizond Province. In the province of Trebizond, foreign citizens of different occupational groups were found in many areas such as missionary, education, health and transportation. This study, 'Foreigners in Trabzon Province (1853-1908)', discusses who foreigners coming to the province are, their reasons for being in the province and their activities in the region.
Trebizond Province was one of the most important provinces of the Ottoman Empire. It has an important location with its natural harbors, rich underground and ground sources. Moreover, the fact that it was located on Persian transit trade route raised its importance much more. The mobility in the province increased with the opening of Black Sea to the international trade and regular expeditions of the foreigner steamer companies to the Trebizond Province. The increase in the number of foreigners who came to the province in the aim of trade became strong with the opening of political agents of foreign countries in Trebizond. The mobility in the Trebizond Province increased much more during the Crimean War (1853-1856), which took place in the beginning of the second half of 19th century, and postwar period. It was observed that the number of steamer companies which cruised to Trebizond harbor increased regulary from the that date. The commercial goods coming from Europe came to the Trebizond ports and transported to Persia via the highway, which led to development and change of the region. In addition, the fact that the Europe needed the raw materials sources took place in Trebizond Province and inlands gave chance foreigner companies to carry out trade activities in the province. The trade mobility incresing in the province brought with a number of necessities. Improving the existing highways and making new ones was inevitable because of the trade with Persia. Moreover, the construction of new ports except the natural harbors was essential in terms of enabling the steamers coming to the ports of Trebizond Province to approach the shore more comfortably. For this reason, in many projects planned to be carried out in Trebizond Province, the technical knowledge of Europe was utilized by the engineers and technical staff who came to Trebizond Province. In the province of Trebizond, foreign citizens of different occupational groups were found in many areas such as missionary, education, health and transportation. This study, 'Foreigners in Trabzon Province (1853-1908)', discusses who foreigners coming to the province are, their reasons for being in the province and their activities in the region.
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2019
Libra Kayıt No: 126664
Libra Kayıt No: 126664
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