Publication: Samsun Bölgesinde Astım ve Alerjik Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Astım ve allerjik hastalıklar toplumumuzun ve dünyanın önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Bu hastalıkların prevalansı her geçen yıl artmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Samsun il ve ilçelerinde astım ve allerjik hastaların prevelanslarını ve risk faktörlerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Materyal ve metod: Çalışma Samsun ve ilçelerinden rastgele seçilen okullarda, 5-18 yaş arası öğrencilere ISAAC (The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) formuna uygun sorularla oluşturulmuş anket çalışmasıdır. Saptanan verilerin analizi istatistiksel yazılım paketi SPSS 21 kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler, kategorik değişkenler için sayı (n) ve yüzdeler (%), sayısal değişkenler ortalama ve standart sapma olarak sunulmuş, nicel verilerin normal dağılımlara uygunluklarının sınanmasında kolmagraov-smirnov testi uygulandı. Kategorik değişkenlerin karşılaştırılmasında ki-kare testi yapıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyini belirlemek için, % 95 güven aralığında p<0,05 anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Çalışma 1590'ı erkek, 1629'u kız olmak üzere, 5-18 yaş arasında toplam 3219 öğrenci ile yapılmıştır. Çocukların hayatlarının herhangi bir döneminde hışıltı şikayetleri olanların sayısı 634 (19,7%), doktor tarafından allerjik bronşit veya astım tanısı alanların sayısı 337 (10,5%) ve son bir yılda astım şikayetleri olanların sayısı 359 (11,1%) olduğu görülmüştür. Çocukların hayatlarının herhangi bir döneminde 1537'sinin (47,7%) allerjik rinit şikâyetleri olduğu, doktor tarafından allerjik rinit tanısı alanların sayısı 148 (4,6%) olduğu ve son bir yılda allerjik rinit şikayetleri olanların sayısı 1137 (35,3%) olduğu görülmüştür. Çocukların hayatlarının herhangi bir döneminde atopik dermatit şikayetleri olanların sayısı 412 (12,8%), doktor tanılı atopik detmatit olanların sayısı 101 (3,1%) ve son bir yılda atopik dermatit şikayetleri olanların sayısı 262 (8,1%) olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmamızda, doktor tanılı astım için; ailede allerjik hastalık öyküsü, erkek çocuk, kentsel bölgede yaşam, prematürite, anne karnında sigara maruziyeti risk oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç: Yaklaşık 20 yıl önce aynı bölgede yapılan çalışma ile karşılaştırıldığında; doktor tanılı astım prevalansı daha yüksek saptanmıştır. Ancak hayatın herhangi bir döneminde hışıltı ve son 12 ayda hışıltı prevalanslarında azalma görülmüştür. Doktor tanılı allerjik rinit prevalansı daha düşük saptanmıştır. Ancak hayatın herhangi bir döneminde ve son 12 ayda allerjik rinit semptom prevalansı artış göstermiştir. Doktor tanılı atopik dermatit prevalansı artış gösterirken, atopik dermatit semptom prevalansında azalma olmuştur. Çalışmalarda çoğunlukla allerjik hastalık semptomları, doktor tanılı allerjik hastalıklara göre daha yüksek olması nedeniyle; aile ve doktorlara bilgilendirici yayınlar, eğitimler yapılmalı ve farkındalığın daha da arttırılması hedeflenmelidir. Anahtar kelimeler: Astım, Allerji, Allerjik Rinit, Atopik Dermatit, Allerjik Hastalıklar, ISAAC
Objective: Asthma and allergic diseases are important health problems of our society and the world. The prevalence of these diseases is increasing every year. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of asthma and allergic patients in Samsun province and its districts. Material and method: The study is a survey study consisting of questions suitable for the ISAAC (The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) form for students aged 5-18 in randomly selected schools in Samsun and its districts. The analysis of the detected data was performed using the statistical software package SPSS 21. Descriptive statistics were presented as numbers (n) and percentages (%) for categorical variables, numerical variables were presented as mean and standard deviation, and the Kolmagraov-Smirnov test was used to test the conformity of quantitative data to normal distributions. Chi-square test for categorical variables. To determine the statistical significance level, p<0.05 was considered significant at the 95% confidence interval. Results: The study was conducted with a total of 3219 students between the ages of 5-18, 1590 boys and 1629 girls. The number of children who had wheezing complaints at any time in their lives was 634 (19.7%), the number of those diagnosed with allergic bronchitis or asthma by the doctor was 337 (10.5%), and the number of those who had asthma complaints in the last year was 359 (11.1%). The number of children who had allergic rhinitis complaints at any time in their lives 1537 (47.7%), the number of those diagnosed with allergic rhinitis by a doctor 148 (4.6%) and the number of those who had allergic rhinitis complaints in the last year 1137 (35.3%). The number of children with atopic dermatitis complaints at any time in their lives was 412 (12.8%), the number of patients with doctor-diagnosed atopic dermatitis was 101 (3.1%), and the number of children with atopic dermatitis complaints in the last year was 262 (8.1%). In our study, for doctor-diagnosed asthma; family history of allergic disease, male child, living in an urban area, prematurity, exposure to cigarettes in the womb pose a risk. Conclusion: When compared with the study conducted in the same region about 20 years ago; The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was found to be higher. However, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of wheezing in any period of life and in the last 12 months. The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was found to be lower. However, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms at any time in life and in the last 12 months has increased. While the prevalence of physician-diagnosed atopic dermatitis has increased, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis symptoms. In studies, mostly allergic disease symptoms were higher than doctor-diagnosed allergic diseases; Informative publications and trainings should be made for families and doctors, and it should be aimed to increase awareness even more. Key words: Asthma, Allergy, Allergic Rhinitis, Atopic Dermatitis, Allergic Diseases, ISAAC
Objective: Asthma and allergic diseases are important health problems of our society and the world. The prevalence of these diseases is increasing every year. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of asthma and allergic patients in Samsun province and its districts. Material and method: The study is a survey study consisting of questions suitable for the ISAAC (The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) form for students aged 5-18 in randomly selected schools in Samsun and its districts. The analysis of the detected data was performed using the statistical software package SPSS 21. Descriptive statistics were presented as numbers (n) and percentages (%) for categorical variables, numerical variables were presented as mean and standard deviation, and the Kolmagraov-Smirnov test was used to test the conformity of quantitative data to normal distributions. Chi-square test for categorical variables. To determine the statistical significance level, p<0.05 was considered significant at the 95% confidence interval. Results: The study was conducted with a total of 3219 students between the ages of 5-18, 1590 boys and 1629 girls. The number of children who had wheezing complaints at any time in their lives was 634 (19.7%), the number of those diagnosed with allergic bronchitis or asthma by the doctor was 337 (10.5%), and the number of those who had asthma complaints in the last year was 359 (11.1%). The number of children who had allergic rhinitis complaints at any time in their lives 1537 (47.7%), the number of those diagnosed with allergic rhinitis by a doctor 148 (4.6%) and the number of those who had allergic rhinitis complaints in the last year 1137 (35.3%). The number of children with atopic dermatitis complaints at any time in their lives was 412 (12.8%), the number of patients with doctor-diagnosed atopic dermatitis was 101 (3.1%), and the number of children with atopic dermatitis complaints in the last year was 262 (8.1%). In our study, for doctor-diagnosed asthma; family history of allergic disease, male child, living in an urban area, prematurity, exposure to cigarettes in the womb pose a risk. Conclusion: When compared with the study conducted in the same region about 20 years ago; The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was found to be higher. However, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of wheezing in any period of life and in the last 12 months. The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was found to be lower. However, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms at any time in life and in the last 12 months has increased. While the prevalence of physician-diagnosed atopic dermatitis has increased, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis symptoms. In studies, mostly allergic disease symptoms were higher than doctor-diagnosed allergic diseases; Informative publications and trainings should be made for families and doctors, and it should be aimed to increase awareness even more. Key words: Asthma, Allergy, Allergic Rhinitis, Atopic Dermatitis, Allergic Diseases, ISAAC
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