Publication: Renal Transplantasyon Yapılan Hastalarda Hasta ve Greft Sağkalımı
Abstract
Giriş ve Amaç: Neden olduğu morbidite ve mortalite, yaşam kalitesinde azalma ve yüksek tedavi maliyetleri ile kronik böbrek hastalığı tüm dünyada önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Son dönem böbrek hastalarında, böbrek nakli en avantajlı böbrek yerine koyma tedavisidir. Uluslararası kılavuzlarda merkezlerin kendi sağkalım verilerini ortaya koymaları önerilmektedir. Biz de Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nde yapılan böbrek nakillerine ait hasta ve greft sağkalımlarını ortaya çıkarmak için bu çalışmayı planladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda Eylül 2008 ve Ocak 2022 tarihleri arasında hem kadavradan hem canlıdan böbrek nakli yapılan ve Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Nefroloji bölümünde takip edilen nakil anındaki yaşı 18'in üzerinde olan 425 hasta retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Böbrek nakli yapılan hastalar kadavra ve canlıdan nakil yapılanlar olarak ikiye ayrılıp; greft sağkalımı, genel hasta sağkalımı ve fonksiyonel greft ile ölüm ilişkili hasta sağkalım analizleri yapılmıştır. Sağkalımı etkileyen faktörler de incelenmiş olup istatistiksel analizlerde p<0,05 olanlar anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastalarımızın 190'ı (%44,7) kadın, 235'i (%55,3) erkekti. Yaş ortalaması 41,07 (±12,05) yıl olarak saptandı. Hastaların 229'u (%53,9) kadavradan, 196'sı (%46,1) canlıdan nakil olmuştu. 425 hastanın 43'ünde ölüme bağlı olmayan greft kaybı gerçekleşmiştir. Greft kaybının 28'i kadavradan, 15'i canlıdan yapılan nakillerde gerçekleşmiştir. Kadavradan yapılan nakiller için 1, 2, 5, 10 yıllık greft sağkalım oranları sırasıyla %94,2, %93,7, %89,3 ve %80,9'dur. Canlıdan yapılan nakiller için 1, 2, 5, 10 yıllık greft sağkalım oranları sırasıyla; %99,0 , %99,0 , %97,1 ve %85,1 olarak saptanmıştır. Hem canlıdan hem kadavradan yapılan nakiller için biyopsi ile kanıtlanan rejeksiyon varlığında ölüme bağlı olmayan greft kaybı ilişkili greft sağkalım oranlarının daha kötü olduğu gözlendi. Çalışmamızda alıcıların 66'sında fonksiyonel greft mevcutken ölüm gerçekleşti. Kadavradan nakil olanların 42'sinde, canlıdan nakil olanların 24'ünde fonksiyonel greft ile ölüm mevcuttu. Canlıdan yapılan nakillerde 1, 2, 5, 10 yıllık fonksiyonel greft ile ölüm ilişkili hasta sağkalım oranları sırasıyla %96,4, %96,4, %93,6 ve %73,5 iken; kadavradan yapılan nakillerde sırasıyla %94,1, %91,6, %84,9 ve %70,9'dur. Çalışmada alıcıların 353'ünün sağ, 72'sinin öldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Kadavradan yapılan nakillerin 48'i, canlıdan yapılan nakillerin 24'ü ölmüştür. Canlıdan yapılan nakiller için 1, 2, 5, 10 yıllık genel hasta sağkalım oranları sırasıyla; %97,4 , %96,9 , %94,8 , %74,8 olarak saptanmıştır. Kadavradan yapılan nakiller için 1, 2, 5, 10 yıllık genel hasta sağkalım oranları sırasıyla; %92,9, %90,6, %83,6 ve %69,3'tür. Son durumda hastaların 72'si (%16,9) ölmüştür. Ölüm nedenlerinin ilk 3'ü sırasıyla; 18'i (%25) bilinmeyen nedenle, 16'sı (%22,22) Covid-19, 15'i (%20,83) sepsis şeklindedir. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Çalışmamızda böbrek nakilli hastaların hem greft hem hasta sağkalım oranlarının uluslararası standartlarda olması sevindirici idi. Zamanla hem hasta hem greft sağkalım oranlarında iyileşme izlense de böbrek nakli alıcıları bağışıklık baskılayıcı tedavi almaları nedenli morbidite ve mortalite oranları oldukça yüksek bir hasta grubu olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle böbrek nakli alıcılarının deneyimli merkezlerde takibi, tedavi uyumu ve komplikasyonlarının yönetimi oldukça önem arz etmektedir.
Introduction and Aim: Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem worldwide with morbidity and mortality, reduced quality of life and high treatment costs. In end-stage renal disease, kidney transplantation is the most advantageous kidney replacement therapy. International guidelines recommend that centers should present their own survival data. We planned this study to reveal patient and graft survival data of kidney transplants performed at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine. Materials and Methods: In our study, we retrospectively analyzed 425 patients aged ≥18 years at the time of transplantation who underwent both cadaveric and living kidney transplantation between September 2008 and January 2022 and who were followed up in Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology. Kidney transplant patients were divided into cadaveric and living kidney transplant recipients and graft survival, overall patient survival, functional graft and death-related patient survival were analyzed. Factors affecting survival were also analyzed and p<0.05 was considered significant in statistical analyses. Results: Among the patients included in the study, 190 (%44,7) were female and 235 (%55,3) were male. The mean age was 41,07 (±12,05) years. Of the patients, 229 (%53,9) were cadaveric transplants and 196 (%46,1) were living transplants. 43 of 425 patients had non-fatal graft loss. Of the graft loss, 28 occurred in cadaveric and 15 in living transplants. The 1, 2, 5, 10-year graft survival rates for cadaveric transplants were %94,2, %93,7, %89,3 and %80,9, respectively. The 1, 2, 5, 10-year graft survival rates for living transplants were %99,0, %99,0, %97,1, and %85,1, respectively. For both living and cadaveric transplants, graft survival rates associated with graft loss not due to death were worse in the presence of biopsy-proven rejection. In our study, death occurred in 66 of the recipients with a functional graft. Death with functional graft was present in 42 cadaveric and 24 living transplant recipients. The 1, 2, 5 and 10-year functional graft death-related patient survival rates were %96,4, %96,4, %93,6 and %73,5, respectively, in living transplants and %94,1, %91,6, %84,9 and %70,9, respectively, in cadaveric transplants. In the study, 353 of the recipients were alive and 72 of them died. Forty-eight of cadaveric transplants and 24 of living transplants died. The 1, 2, 5, 10-year overall patient survival rates for living transplants were %97,4, %96,9, %94,8, %74,8, respectively. The 1, 2, 5, 10-year overall patient survival rates for cadaveric transplants were %92,9, %90,6, %83,6 and %69,3, respectively. In the final outcome, 72 (%16,9) of the patients died. The first 3 causes of death were as follows; 18 (%25) unknown cause, 16 (%22.22) Covid-19, 15 (%20.83) sepsis. Discussion and Conclusion: In our study, it was pleasing that both graft and patient survival rates of kidney transplant patients were at international standards. Although both patient and graft survival rates have improved over time, kidney transplant recipients continue to be a patient group with high morbidity and mortality rates due to immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, follow-up of kidney transplant recipients in experienced centers, treatment compliance and management of complications are very important.
Introduction and Aim: Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem worldwide with morbidity and mortality, reduced quality of life and high treatment costs. In end-stage renal disease, kidney transplantation is the most advantageous kidney replacement therapy. International guidelines recommend that centers should present their own survival data. We planned this study to reveal patient and graft survival data of kidney transplants performed at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine. Materials and Methods: In our study, we retrospectively analyzed 425 patients aged ≥18 years at the time of transplantation who underwent both cadaveric and living kidney transplantation between September 2008 and January 2022 and who were followed up in Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology. Kidney transplant patients were divided into cadaveric and living kidney transplant recipients and graft survival, overall patient survival, functional graft and death-related patient survival were analyzed. Factors affecting survival were also analyzed and p<0.05 was considered significant in statistical analyses. Results: Among the patients included in the study, 190 (%44,7) were female and 235 (%55,3) were male. The mean age was 41,07 (±12,05) years. Of the patients, 229 (%53,9) were cadaveric transplants and 196 (%46,1) were living transplants. 43 of 425 patients had non-fatal graft loss. Of the graft loss, 28 occurred in cadaveric and 15 in living transplants. The 1, 2, 5, 10-year graft survival rates for cadaveric transplants were %94,2, %93,7, %89,3 and %80,9, respectively. The 1, 2, 5, 10-year graft survival rates for living transplants were %99,0, %99,0, %97,1, and %85,1, respectively. For both living and cadaveric transplants, graft survival rates associated with graft loss not due to death were worse in the presence of biopsy-proven rejection. In our study, death occurred in 66 of the recipients with a functional graft. Death with functional graft was present in 42 cadaveric and 24 living transplant recipients. The 1, 2, 5 and 10-year functional graft death-related patient survival rates were %96,4, %96,4, %93,6 and %73,5, respectively, in living transplants and %94,1, %91,6, %84,9 and %70,9, respectively, in cadaveric transplants. In the study, 353 of the recipients were alive and 72 of them died. Forty-eight of cadaveric transplants and 24 of living transplants died. The 1, 2, 5, 10-year overall patient survival rates for living transplants were %97,4, %96,9, %94,8, %74,8, respectively. The 1, 2, 5, 10-year overall patient survival rates for cadaveric transplants were %92,9, %90,6, %83,6 and %69,3, respectively. In the final outcome, 72 (%16,9) of the patients died. The first 3 causes of death were as follows; 18 (%25) unknown cause, 16 (%22.22) Covid-19, 15 (%20.83) sepsis. Discussion and Conclusion: In our study, it was pleasing that both graft and patient survival rates of kidney transplant patients were at international standards. Although both patient and graft survival rates have improved over time, kidney transplant recipients continue to be a patient group with high morbidity and mortality rates due to immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, follow-up of kidney transplant recipients in experienced centers, treatment compliance and management of complications are very important.
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