Publication: Aile Hekimlerinin Empati Düzeyleri İle Bireysel Faktörlerinin Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı Tutumuna Etkisi: Samsun Örneği
Abstract
AMAÇ: Samsun ilinde görev yapan aile hekimlerinin yaşlı ayrımcılığı tutumlarını tespit etmek, hekimlerin empati düzeyleri ile yaşlı ayrımcılığı tutumları arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmek ve sosyodemografik özelliklerinin yaşlı ayrımcılığı tutumlarına etkisini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Ankete dayalı, kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı özellikteki bu çalışma 18.05.2021-18.08.2021 tarihleri arasında Samsun'da aile sağlığı merkezlerinde çalışan aile hekimlerine ve Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı ile S.B.Ü Samsun Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Kliniği'nde görev yapan aile hekimi asistanlarına uygulanmıştır. Toplamda 299 hekim çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında Sosyodemografik Bilgi Anketi Formu, Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı Tutum Ölçeği (YATÖ), Jefferson Hekim Empati Ölçeği (JSPE-HP) kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 25.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. P<0,05 değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. BULGULAR: Katılımcıların toplam YATÖ puanının 88,19±8,65, JSPE-HP toplam puanının 81,60±9,49 olduğu saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların empati düzeyleri ile yaşlı ayrımcılığı tutumları arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Katılımcılardan 41 yaş ve üstünde olanların, 30 yaş ve altındakilere; 11 yıl ve üstünde çalışanların, 10 yıl ve altında çalışanlara göre yaşlı ayrımcılığı tutumlarının daha olumlu olduğu saptanmıştır. Yaşlılardan çok gençlerin sorunları ile ilgilenen, yaşlılarla iletişim kurarken basit bir dil kullanan, yaşlı hastaları ile ilgili bilgileri hasta yakınlarına açıklayan, yaşlıların sigara ve alkol kullanmasının önemli bir sorun olmadığını düşünenlerin yaşlı ayrımcılığı tutumlarının daha olumsuz olduğu görülmüştür. SONUÇLAR: Çalışmamızda katılımcıların yaşlı ayrımcılığı tutumlarının olumlu ve empati düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların empati düzeylerinin yaşlı ayrımcılığı tutumunu olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların bazı kişisel faktörleri yaşlı ayrımcılığı tutumlarını olumlu, bazı faktörleri ise olumsuz etkilediği görülmüştür. Hekimlerin olumlu tutumlarının güçlendirilmesi ve tespit edilen olumsuz tutumlarının giderilmesi için yaşlı ayrımcılığı ile ilgili farkındalık çalışmalarının artırılması ve hekimlere empatik iletişim becerilerini geliştirecek eğitimlerin verilmesi gerekmektedir.
PURPOSE: It is aimed to identify the ageism attitudes of the family physicians that work in the province of Samsun, analyze the relationship between empathy levels, and ageism attitudes of the doctors and study the effect of socio-demographic characteristics on ageism attitudes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study which is questionnaire-based, crosssectional and descriptive feature has been conducted between 18 May 2021 and 18 August 2021 on family physicians who work in family health centers in the province of Samsun and family medicine residents who work in Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Department of Family Medicine and University of Health Sciences Samsun Training and Research Hospital Family Practice Clinic. A total of 299 physicians have been included in the study. Socio-demographic Information Questionnaire, Ageism Attitude Scale (AAS), the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE-HP) were used to collect data. The data have been analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 25.0 program. The value of P<0,05 was considered statistically significant. FINDINGS: It was determined that the total ageism attitude scale score of the participants was 88,19±8,65, the total Jefferson scale of physicians empathy score was 81,60±9,49. It was found that there was a positive relationship between the empathy levels of the participants and their ageism attitudes. It was determined that the ageism attitudes of the participants aged 41 and above compared to those aged 30 and under, those working for 11 years and over, compared to those working for 10 years or less were found to be more positive. It has been observed that those who deal with the problems of the young rather than the elderly, those who use simpler language while communicating with the elderly, those who explain information about their elderly patients to the patient's companions, those who think that smoking and alcohol use by the elderly is not an important problem, have more negative ageism attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, it was determined that the ageism attitudes of the participants were positive and their empathy levels were quite high. It was found out that the empathy levels of the participants affected the ageism attitude positively. It was observed that some personal factors of the participants affected their ageism attitudes positively while some factors affected negatively. The awareness studies on ageism should be increased and training that improves their empathic communication skills should be provided to physicians in order to strengthen their positive attitudes and to eliminate the negative attitudes which were detected.
PURPOSE: It is aimed to identify the ageism attitudes of the family physicians that work in the province of Samsun, analyze the relationship between empathy levels, and ageism attitudes of the doctors and study the effect of socio-demographic characteristics on ageism attitudes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study which is questionnaire-based, crosssectional and descriptive feature has been conducted between 18 May 2021 and 18 August 2021 on family physicians who work in family health centers in the province of Samsun and family medicine residents who work in Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Department of Family Medicine and University of Health Sciences Samsun Training and Research Hospital Family Practice Clinic. A total of 299 physicians have been included in the study. Socio-demographic Information Questionnaire, Ageism Attitude Scale (AAS), the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE-HP) were used to collect data. The data have been analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 25.0 program. The value of P<0,05 was considered statistically significant. FINDINGS: It was determined that the total ageism attitude scale score of the participants was 88,19±8,65, the total Jefferson scale of physicians empathy score was 81,60±9,49. It was found that there was a positive relationship between the empathy levels of the participants and their ageism attitudes. It was determined that the ageism attitudes of the participants aged 41 and above compared to those aged 30 and under, those working for 11 years and over, compared to those working for 10 years or less were found to be more positive. It has been observed that those who deal with the problems of the young rather than the elderly, those who use simpler language while communicating with the elderly, those who explain information about their elderly patients to the patient's companions, those who think that smoking and alcohol use by the elderly is not an important problem, have more negative ageism attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, it was determined that the ageism attitudes of the participants were positive and their empathy levels were quite high. It was found out that the empathy levels of the participants affected the ageism attitude positively. It was observed that some personal factors of the participants affected their ageism attitudes positively while some factors affected negatively. The awareness studies on ageism should be increased and training that improves their empathic communication skills should be provided to physicians in order to strengthen their positive attitudes and to eliminate the negative attitudes which were detected.
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