Publication: Neoadjuvan Kemoterapi Sonrası Total Gastrektomi Uygulanan Lenf Nodu Pozitif Mide Kanserinde Omentektomi Tipinin Klinik ve Onkolojik Sonuçları
Abstract
ÖZET Giriş ve Amaç: Mide adenokarsinomu gastrointestinal sistemin en sık görülen malignitelerinden biridir ve çoğu hasta tanı anında ileri evrededir. Cerrahi tedavide total omentektomi, potansiyel mikrometastazları ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla standart prosedür olarak uzun yıllar uygulanmıştır. Ancak son yıllarda yapılan bazı çalışmalar, seçilmiş hastalarda parsiyel omentektominin benzer onkolojik sonuçlar sağlayabileceğini göstermiştir. Ancak literatürde bu konuda henüz bir fikir birliği sağlanamamıştır. Bu çalışmada tanı anında radyolojik lenf nodu metastazı tespit edilmiş ve ardından neoadjuvan tedavi sonrası total gastrektomi ve lenf nodu diseksiyonu uygulanmış hastalarda omentektomi tipinin klinik ve patolojik sonuçlar üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Genel Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı'nda 1 Ocak 2014 – 31 Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında total gastrektomi uygulanan ve lenf nodu tutulumu saptanan 84 mide adenokarsinomu hastası retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalar, omentektomi tipi (parsiyel/total), ameliyat tipi, tümör lokalizasyonu, histopatolojik evre, tümör boyutu, diferansiyasyon derecesi, çıkarılan ve pozitif lenf nodu sayısı, cerrahi sınır durumu, lenfovasküler ve perinöral invazyon, HER2 durumu, nüks varlığı, ortalama sağkalım (OS), nükssüz sağkalım (PFS) ve omentum depozit durumu açısından değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Parsiyel ve total omentektomi uygulanan hastalar arasında cinsiyet, tümör yeri, evre, invazyon durumu ve histolojik tip gibi parametrelerde anlamlı fark izlenmedi (p>0,05). Kaplan-Meier analizinde OS ve PFS açısından da gruplar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Omentektomi şeklinin nüks yayılım yolları ve sağkalım süreleri dahil olmak üzere onkolojik sonuçlara etkisi gösterilemedi. Sonuç: Omentektomi tipinin lenf nodu pozitif mide kanseri hastalarında sağkalım, nüks ve diğer klinikopatolojik değişkenler üzerinde belirgin bir etkisi bulunmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar, omentektomi kapsamının hasta bazlı olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini ve her vakada rutin total omentektomi uygulamasının gerekli olmayabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mide Adenokarsinomu, Total Omentektomi, Parsiyel Omentektomi, Sağkalım, Nüks.
ABSTRACT Introduction and Aim: Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignancies of the gastrointestinal system, and most patients are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. In surgical treatment, total omentectomy has long been performed as a standard procedure to eliminate potential micrometastases. However, recent studies have suggested that partial omentectomy may provide similar oncological outcomes in selected patients. Nonetheless, a consensus on this issue has yet to be reached in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the type of omentectomy on clinical and pathological outcomes in patients with radiologically detected lymph node metastasis at diagnosis who subsequently underwent total gastrectomy and lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant therapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 84 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent total gastrectomy and were found to have lymph node involvement between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2024, at the Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University. The patients were evaluated according to omentectomy type (partial/total), type of surgery, tumor location, histopathological stage, tumor size, degree of differentiation, number of removed and positive lymph nodes, surgical margin status, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, HER2 status, presence of recurrence, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and omental deposit status. Results: No significant differences were observed between the partial and total omentectomy groups in terms of gender, tumor location, stage, invasion status, and histological type (p>0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis also revealed no significant differences in OS and PFS between the groups. The type of omentectomy did not significantly impact oncological outcomes, including recurrence pathways and survival durations. Conclusion: The type of omentectomy did not have a significant effect on survival, recurrence, or other clinicopathological variables in patients with lymph node-positive gastric cancer. These findings suggest that the extent of omentectomy should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, and routine total omentectomy may not be necessary in every case. Keywords: Gastric Adenocarcinoma, Total Omentectomy, Partial Omentectomy, Survival, Recurrence.
ABSTRACT Introduction and Aim: Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignancies of the gastrointestinal system, and most patients are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. In surgical treatment, total omentectomy has long been performed as a standard procedure to eliminate potential micrometastases. However, recent studies have suggested that partial omentectomy may provide similar oncological outcomes in selected patients. Nonetheless, a consensus on this issue has yet to be reached in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the type of omentectomy on clinical and pathological outcomes in patients with radiologically detected lymph node metastasis at diagnosis who subsequently underwent total gastrectomy and lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant therapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 84 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent total gastrectomy and were found to have lymph node involvement between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2024, at the Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University. The patients were evaluated according to omentectomy type (partial/total), type of surgery, tumor location, histopathological stage, tumor size, degree of differentiation, number of removed and positive lymph nodes, surgical margin status, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, HER2 status, presence of recurrence, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and omental deposit status. Results: No significant differences were observed between the partial and total omentectomy groups in terms of gender, tumor location, stage, invasion status, and histological type (p>0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis also revealed no significant differences in OS and PFS between the groups. The type of omentectomy did not significantly impact oncological outcomes, including recurrence pathways and survival durations. Conclusion: The type of omentectomy did not have a significant effect on survival, recurrence, or other clinicopathological variables in patients with lymph node-positive gastric cancer. These findings suggest that the extent of omentectomy should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, and routine total omentectomy may not be necessary in every case. Keywords: Gastric Adenocarcinoma, Total Omentectomy, Partial Omentectomy, Survival, Recurrence.
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