Publication: Lenke Tip 5, Risser Evre 4-5 Adölesan İdiopatik Skolyoz Hastalarında Breys Tedavisinin Etkinliği ve Pelvik Parametreler Üzerine Etkileri
Abstract
Amaç: Skolyoz omurganın en sık görülen deformitesidir. Olguların çoğu idiopatiktir ve bu en sık görülen skolyoz formunu oluşturur. İdiopatik vakalar en sık adölesan yaş grubunda (10-18 yaş) gözlenir. İskelet matüritesi devam ettiği sürece eğriliğin büyüme potansiyeli mevcuttur. Risser 4 spinal büyümenin sonu, Risser 5 ise iskelet matüritesi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Son yıllarda popüler bir inceleme konusu olan sagital plan parametreleri ve spino-pelvik parametreler, adölesan yaş grubunda değişiklik göstermektedir ve AIS hasta popülasyonunda hastalıkla ilişkisi ve hastalığın seyrine etkisi net olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bu nedenle özellikle adölesan yaş grubunda iskelet büyümesinin geç fazlarında karşımıza çıkan Lenke tip 5 adölesan idiopatik skolyoz vakalarında breys tedavisinin etkinliği ve bu tedavinin pelvik parametreler üzerindeki etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Hastalar ve Yöntem: 2020-2023 yılları arasında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji polikliniğine başvuran Lenke tip 5 adölesan idiopatik skolyoz hastaları tarandı. Bu tarama sonucu başvuran 184 hastadan yeterli takip süresi olan ve dahil edilme koşulunu sağlayan 63 hasta ile çalışma oluşturuldu. Hastaların başvuru sırasında ve kontrollerinde çekilmiş olan skolyoz grafileri üzerinde koronal, sagital ve pelvik parametrelerin ölçümleri yapılarak kayıt altına alındı. Ölçümler arasındaki farklar hesaplanarak not edildi. Korse kullanan hastalar Grup 1, sadece izlem ile takip edilen hastalar Grup 2 olarak sınıflandırıldı. Bulgular: Yöntemde belirtilen 63 hastanın 44'ü kız (%70) 19'u erkektir (%30). Hastaların ortalama yaşı 14'tür (en küçük 11, en büyük 17). Hastaların ortalama takip süreleri 6 ay olup (en düşük 5 en fazla 26) ilk ölçümler sırasında 34 hasta Risser evre 4 (%55), 29 hasta Risser evre 5 (%45) olarak bulunmuştur. Grup 1'de torakal ve torakolomber eğrilik istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma saptandı (p<0.05). Aynı zamanda Grup 1'de omuz dengesinin sol tarafa kaydığı bulunmuştur. Bu ölçümlerle birlikte pelvik parametrelerdeki değişim incelenmiş ve Grup 1'de sakral slop'ta -7.0 derece (en düşük -10.0, en fazla -2.0) medyan değerli bir azalma olurken, Grup 2'de +1 derece medyan değeri olan (en düşük -7.0 en fazla +4.0) bir değişim görülmüştür. Sakral sloptaki bu değişim sonucunda pelvik tilt Grup 1'de +1.0 derece (en düşük-5.0, en fazla 8.0), Grup 2'de 0 derece (en düşük -6.0, en fazla 5.0) medyan değerleri ile değişim göstermiştir. Pelvik insidans ise Grup 1'de -6.0 derece (en düşük -14.0, en fazla +5.0), Grup 2'de 1.0 derece (en düşük -6.0, en fazla 10.0) medyan değerleri ile değişim göstermiştir. Grup 1'deki hastalarda sakral slop ve pelvik insidans azalmaları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. (p<0.05) Sonuç: Risser 4 omurga büyümesinin, Risser 5 iskelet büyümesinin sona erdiğinin göstergesi olarak kabul edilse de bu dönemdeki Lenke tip 5 AİS hastalarında uygun vakalarda korse kullanımının ana eğriliği azalttığı ve bu eğriliği azaltırken pelvik parametreleri de etkilediği görülmüştür.
Objective: Scoliosis is the most common deformity of the spine. It is idiopathic in most cases, and this is the most common form of scoliosis. Idiopathic cases are most commonly observed in the adolescent age group (10-18 years). As long as skeletal maturity continues, the curve has the potential to grow. Risser 4 is the end of spinal growth, and Risser 5 is skeletal maturity. Sagittal plane and spinopelvic parameters, a popular subject of investigation in recent years, vary in the adolescent age group. Their relationship with the disease and their effect on the course of the disease in the AIS patient population is not clearly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of bracing treatment and its effect on pelvic parameters in Lenke type 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis cases, which occurs in the late phases of skeletal growth in the adolescent age group. Patients and Methods: Lenke type 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients admitted to the Orthopedics and Traumatology outpatient clinic of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between 2020 and 2023 were screened. Of 184 patients who applied due to this screening, 63 with sufficient follow-up time and met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Coronal, sagittal, and pelvic parameters were measured and recorded on the scoliosis radiographs taken at admission and follow-up. Differences between the measurements were calculated and noted. Patients who used bracing were classified as Group 1, and patients who were followed up only with follow-up were classified as Group 2. Results: Of the 63 patients, 44 were female (70%), and 19 were male (30%). The mean age of the patients was 14 years (minimum 11, maximum 17). The mean follow-up period was six months (minimum five and maximum 26), and 34 patients were in Risser stage 4 (55%), and 29 patients were in Risser stage 5 (45%) during the first measurements. There was a statistically significant reduction in thoracic and thoracolumbar curvature in Group 1 (p<0.05). It was also found that shoulder balance shifted to the left side in Group 1. With these measurements, the change in pelvic parameters was analyzed, and a decrease in sacral slope with a median value of -7.0 degrees (minimum -10.0, maximum -2.0) was observed in Group 1, while a change with a median value of +1 degree (minimum -7.0, maximum +4.0) was observed in Group 2. As a result of this change in sacral slope, pelvic tilt changed with a median value of +1.0 degrees in Group 1 (minimum -5.0, maximum 8.0) and 0 degrees in Group 2 (minimum -6.0, maximum 5.0). Pelvic incidence varied with median values of -6.0 degrees (minimum -14.0, maximum +5.0) in Group 1 and 1.0 degrees (minimum -6.0, maximum 10.0) in Group 2. Reductions in sacral slope and pelvic incidence in patients in Group 1 were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although Risser 4 is considered an indicator of the end of spinal growth and Risser 5 as an indicator of the end of skeletal growth, it has been observed that the use of bracing in appropriate cases in Lenke type 5 AIS patients in this period reduces the main curve and affects pelvic parameters while reducing this curve.
Objective: Scoliosis is the most common deformity of the spine. It is idiopathic in most cases, and this is the most common form of scoliosis. Idiopathic cases are most commonly observed in the adolescent age group (10-18 years). As long as skeletal maturity continues, the curve has the potential to grow. Risser 4 is the end of spinal growth, and Risser 5 is skeletal maturity. Sagittal plane and spinopelvic parameters, a popular subject of investigation in recent years, vary in the adolescent age group. Their relationship with the disease and their effect on the course of the disease in the AIS patient population is not clearly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of bracing treatment and its effect on pelvic parameters in Lenke type 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis cases, which occurs in the late phases of skeletal growth in the adolescent age group. Patients and Methods: Lenke type 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients admitted to the Orthopedics and Traumatology outpatient clinic of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between 2020 and 2023 were screened. Of 184 patients who applied due to this screening, 63 with sufficient follow-up time and met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Coronal, sagittal, and pelvic parameters were measured and recorded on the scoliosis radiographs taken at admission and follow-up. Differences between the measurements were calculated and noted. Patients who used bracing were classified as Group 1, and patients who were followed up only with follow-up were classified as Group 2. Results: Of the 63 patients, 44 were female (70%), and 19 were male (30%). The mean age of the patients was 14 years (minimum 11, maximum 17). The mean follow-up period was six months (minimum five and maximum 26), and 34 patients were in Risser stage 4 (55%), and 29 patients were in Risser stage 5 (45%) during the first measurements. There was a statistically significant reduction in thoracic and thoracolumbar curvature in Group 1 (p<0.05). It was also found that shoulder balance shifted to the left side in Group 1. With these measurements, the change in pelvic parameters was analyzed, and a decrease in sacral slope with a median value of -7.0 degrees (minimum -10.0, maximum -2.0) was observed in Group 1, while a change with a median value of +1 degree (minimum -7.0, maximum +4.0) was observed in Group 2. As a result of this change in sacral slope, pelvic tilt changed with a median value of +1.0 degrees in Group 1 (minimum -5.0, maximum 8.0) and 0 degrees in Group 2 (minimum -6.0, maximum 5.0). Pelvic incidence varied with median values of -6.0 degrees (minimum -14.0, maximum +5.0) in Group 1 and 1.0 degrees (minimum -6.0, maximum 10.0) in Group 2. Reductions in sacral slope and pelvic incidence in patients in Group 1 were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although Risser 4 is considered an indicator of the end of spinal growth and Risser 5 as an indicator of the end of skeletal growth, it has been observed that the use of bracing in appropriate cases in Lenke type 5 AIS patients in this period reduces the main curve and affects pelvic parameters while reducing this curve.
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