Publication: Kurum Bakımında Olan Yaşlılarda Sanat Terapisinin Bilişsel Durum ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Üzerine Etkisi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı kurum bakımında olan yaşlılarda sanat terapisinin bilişsel durum ve psikolojik iyi oluş üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Materyal ve Metot: Tek kör randomize kontrollü tipte olan bu araştırma 01.04.2024-01.06.2024 tarihleri arasında Sinop'taki iki ve Samsun'daki bir huzurevinde kalan, çalışmanın dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan ve çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 42 yaşlı bireyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada basit randomizasyon ile örneklem grubu deney (n=21) ve kontrol (n=21) gruplarına atanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem büyüklüğü, Power analizinde R v4.3.1 programı ile her grup için minimum 17 katılımcı olarak belirlenmiştir. Gerekli izinler alındıktan sonra onamları alınan yaşlı bireylerin ön testleri yapılmış, ardından deney grubunu oluşturan bireylere sanat terapisi müdahalesi uygulanmıştır. Deney grubundaki bireylerin son oturumu tamamlandıktan sonra tüm katılımcıların son test ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama araçları; Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, Standardize Mini Mental Test ve Yaşlılarda Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği birebir görüşme şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, kikare, Shapiro-Wilk testi, bağımsız örneklem t testi, Mann-Whitney U testi ve bağımlı örneklem t testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada gruplar arasındaki anlamlı çıkan farkın büyüklüğü eta kare (𝜂2) ile verilmiştir. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi 'SPSS v27' paket programında yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma öncesinde deney ve kontrol grubundaki yaşlı bireylerin kontrol değişkenleri açısından benzer özellikte olduğu saptanmıştır (p>0.05). Deney grubundaki yaşlı bireylerin Yaşlılarda Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği (t=-13,329; p<0,001) ve Mini Mental Test (t=-4,294; p<0,001) ön test ve son test toplam puanları arasında son test lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu bulunmuştur. Araştırmada deney grubundaki yaşlı bireylere uygulanan sanat terapisi müdahalesinin etkisi değerlendirilmiş olup Yaşlılarda Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği (𝜂 2=0,75) ve Mini Mental Test (𝜂 2=0,52) puanları arasındaki farkın orta etki düzeyine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Sanat terapisinin kurum bakımında olan yaşlıların psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyi ve bilişsel durumu üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu, orta düzeyde geliştirici müdahale olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Sanat terapisi, Bilişsel durum, Yaşlılarda psikolojik iyi oluş, Psikiyatri hemşireliği
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of art therapy on cognitive status and psychological well-being in elderly people in institutional care. Material and Method: This single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted between 01.04.2024-01.06.2024 in two nursing homes in Sinop and one in Samsun with 42 elderly individuals who met the inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate in the study. The sample group was assigned to experimental (n=21) and control (n=21) groups by simple randomization. The sample size of the study was determined as a minimum of 17 participants for each group with the R v4.3.1 program in Power analysis. After obtaining the necessary permissions, the elderly individuals whose consent was obtained were pre-tested, and then the art therapy intervention was applied to the individuals in the experimental group. After the last session of the individuals in the experimental group was completed, post-test measurements were made for all participants. The data collection tools of the study; Sociodemographic Information Form, Standardized Mini Mental Test and Psychological Well-Being Scale in the Elderly were applied as one-to-one interviews. Descriptive statistics, chisquare, Shapiro-Wilk test, independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and dependent sample t test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. In the study, the magnitude of the significant difference between the groups was given by eta squared (𝜂2). Statistical analysis of the data was performed in 'SPSS v27' package program. Findings: Before the research, it was determined that the elderly individuals in the experimental and control groups were similar in terms of control variables (p>0.05). It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test total scores of the Psychological Well-Being Scale in the Elderly (t=-13.329; p<0.001) and Mini Mental Test (t=-4.294; p<0.001) in favor of the posttest. In the study, the effect of the art therapy intervention applied to the elderly individuals in the experimental group was evaluated and it was determined that the difference between the Psychological Well-Being Scale in the Elderly (η^2=0.75) and Mini Mental Test (η^2=0.52) scores had a medium effect level. Result: The results showed that art therapy has a positive effect on the psychological well-being and cognitive status of the elderly in institutional care and can be used as a moderate developmental intervention. Keywords: Art therapy, Cognitive state, Psychological well-being in the elderly, Psychiatric nursing
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of art therapy on cognitive status and psychological well-being in elderly people in institutional care. Material and Method: This single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted between 01.04.2024-01.06.2024 in two nursing homes in Sinop and one in Samsun with 42 elderly individuals who met the inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate in the study. The sample group was assigned to experimental (n=21) and control (n=21) groups by simple randomization. The sample size of the study was determined as a minimum of 17 participants for each group with the R v4.3.1 program in Power analysis. After obtaining the necessary permissions, the elderly individuals whose consent was obtained were pre-tested, and then the art therapy intervention was applied to the individuals in the experimental group. After the last session of the individuals in the experimental group was completed, post-test measurements were made for all participants. The data collection tools of the study; Sociodemographic Information Form, Standardized Mini Mental Test and Psychological Well-Being Scale in the Elderly were applied as one-to-one interviews. Descriptive statistics, chisquare, Shapiro-Wilk test, independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and dependent sample t test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. In the study, the magnitude of the significant difference between the groups was given by eta squared (𝜂2). Statistical analysis of the data was performed in 'SPSS v27' package program. Findings: Before the research, it was determined that the elderly individuals in the experimental and control groups were similar in terms of control variables (p>0.05). It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test total scores of the Psychological Well-Being Scale in the Elderly (t=-13.329; p<0.001) and Mini Mental Test (t=-4.294; p<0.001) in favor of the posttest. In the study, the effect of the art therapy intervention applied to the elderly individuals in the experimental group was evaluated and it was determined that the difference between the Psychological Well-Being Scale in the Elderly (η^2=0.75) and Mini Mental Test (η^2=0.52) scores had a medium effect level. Result: The results showed that art therapy has a positive effect on the psychological well-being and cognitive status of the elderly in institutional care and can be used as a moderate developmental intervention. Keywords: Art therapy, Cognitive state, Psychological well-being in the elderly, Psychiatric nursing
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