Publication: Türkçülük ve Ülkücülüğün Kadına Bakışı
Abstract
Osmanlı Devleti'nin son dönemlerinde siyasal ve kültürel düzeyde güçlenen Türkçülük, millî tarihe gönderme yaparak eski Türk toplumlarında kadının yüksek bir konuma sahip olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Türkçülerin eserlerinde Türklerin 'feminist' bir millet olduğu, kadına verilen değer ve haklar konusunda diğer milletlerden önemli ölçüde ayrıldığı belirtilmektedir. Diğer taraftan, Türkçülük ile aynı düşünsel kökenden beslenen ve 1960'lı yıllarda şiddetli bir antikomünizm söylemiyle Türk siyasal hayatında yerini alan Ülkücülük, kadına bakışta dinî söylemi ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Ülkücülük, insanlığın var olma nedeni ve toplumun temel yapı taşı olarak nitelendirdiği kadına, aile kurumunun varlığının devam ettirilmesi ve soyun devamının sağlanmasında dinî ve millî görevler yüklemektedir. Yine de Türkçülük ve Ülkücülük, ailesini ihmal etmemesi konusunda kadına ciddi uyarılarda bulunarak devletin ve milletin geleceği için annelerden milliyetçi gençler yetiştirmelerini beklemektedir. Böylece milliyetçiliğin seküler ve dinî farklı kolları olsa da 'kadına bakış' konusunda bu iki damarın benzerlikleri farklılıklarından daha fazla olmaktadır. Diğer bir anlatımla, Türkçülük ve Ülkücülük'ün Türk soyunun devam ettiricisi ve millî kültürün aktarıcısı olarak kadını vazifelendirmesi, bu ideolojilerin kadına bakışındaki ortak noktalarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu hipotezden hareketle, Türkçülük ve Ülkücülük'ün kadına bakışlarıyla ilgili olarak birincil kaynaklar, meclis tutanakları, sosyal medya, siyasi ve tarihi kitaplardan yararlanılmış ve her iki damarın da kadına bakışı hakkında tespitler yapılmıştır. Türkçülük ve Ülkücülük, bu tezde birlikte anlatıldığı ve incelendiği için kadına bakışlarındaki benzerlikler ve farklılıkların ortaya koyulabilmesi için karşılaştırmalı ve tarihsel metot kullanılmıştır. Türkçülüğü ve Ülkücülüğü benimsemiş kişilerle yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat görüşmesi tekniği ile kadına bakışta geçmiş ve bugün arasındaki düşünsel benzerlikler ve farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Türkçülük ve Ülkücülük, seküler ve dinsel söylemde her ne kadar milliyetçiliğin farklı kolları olsa da kadına bakışta ortaklaşmaktadır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Türkçülük, Ülkücülük, Kadın.
Turkism, became stronger at the political and cultural level in the last periods of the Ottoman Emipre, emphasises the importance of women in ancient Turkish communities by alluding to national history. According to Turkists' writings, Turks were a 'feminist' nation that differed greatly from other nations in terms of the value and privileges granted to women. Idealistism, on the other hand, has the same philosophical foundations as Turkism and rose to prominence in Turkish political life in the 1960s with a fierce anti-communist discourse, bringing the religious one to the forefront in the eyes of women. Idealism assigns religious and national tasks to women, describing them as the basis for humanity's existence and the fundamental building block of society, in order to preserve the family institution and ensure the continuation of the lineage. Nonetheless, Turkism and Idealistism issue strong warnings to women not to ignore their families, and they wish mothers to raise nationalist young people for the sake of the state and nation. Thus, while nationalism in general has separate secular and religious branches, the similarities between these two branches in terms of 'view of women' outweigh the differences. In other words, Turkism and Idealism share the belief that women are the continuation of the Turkish lineage and the transmitter of national culture. Based on this hypothesis, primary sources, legislative minutes, social media, political and historical texts were utilised to determine the opinions of Turkism and Idealism on women, and conclusions were drawn about both branches' perspectives on women. Because Turkism and Idealism are discussed and investigated concurrently in this thesis, comparative and historical approaches have been employed to illustrate the parallels and differences in their perspectives on women. The semi-structured interview technique was used with individuals who embrace Turkism and Idealism to determine parallels and contrasts between the past and the present from the perspective of women. As a result, while Turkism and Idealism represent separate branches of nationalism in religious and secular discourse, they have a shared perspective on women. Keywords: Turkism, Idealism, Women.
Turkism, became stronger at the political and cultural level in the last periods of the Ottoman Emipre, emphasises the importance of women in ancient Turkish communities by alluding to national history. According to Turkists' writings, Turks were a 'feminist' nation that differed greatly from other nations in terms of the value and privileges granted to women. Idealistism, on the other hand, has the same philosophical foundations as Turkism and rose to prominence in Turkish political life in the 1960s with a fierce anti-communist discourse, bringing the religious one to the forefront in the eyes of women. Idealism assigns religious and national tasks to women, describing them as the basis for humanity's existence and the fundamental building block of society, in order to preserve the family institution and ensure the continuation of the lineage. Nonetheless, Turkism and Idealistism issue strong warnings to women not to ignore their families, and they wish mothers to raise nationalist young people for the sake of the state and nation. Thus, while nationalism in general has separate secular and religious branches, the similarities between these two branches in terms of 'view of women' outweigh the differences. In other words, Turkism and Idealism share the belief that women are the continuation of the Turkish lineage and the transmitter of national culture. Based on this hypothesis, primary sources, legislative minutes, social media, political and historical texts were utilised to determine the opinions of Turkism and Idealism on women, and conclusions were drawn about both branches' perspectives on women. Because Turkism and Idealism are discussed and investigated concurrently in this thesis, comparative and historical approaches have been employed to illustrate the parallels and differences in their perspectives on women. The semi-structured interview technique was used with individuals who embrace Turkism and Idealism to determine parallels and contrasts between the past and the present from the perspective of women. As a result, while Turkism and Idealism represent separate branches of nationalism in religious and secular discourse, they have a shared perspective on women. Keywords: Turkism, Idealism, Women.
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