Neşet Ertaş's Fingerprint in the Hicaz Makam Scale, Pitch/Frequency Analysis

Abstract

This study investigates the unique pitch and microtone structures in Neşet Ertaş’s renditions of the Hicaz makam scale which are influenced by Kırşehir’s musical traditions. As a celebrated figure in Turkish folk music, Ertaş brings a unique pitch configuration to the Hicaz makam scale, reinterpreting Kırşehir’s heritage with a modern touch. This study aims to determine whether Ertaş’s music embodies a Kırşehir-specific interpretation of the Hicaz makam scale. To achieve this, the pitch choices in his Kırşehir-based performances are analyzed, revealing a localized interpretation specific to the region. The study contributes to Turkish music culture by examining Kırşehir's distinct musical elements through Ertaş’s music. While the study’s scope encompasses works performed in the Hicaz makam scale across Turkish folk music, the sample focuses on Kırşehir folk songs performed by Ertaş in the Hicaz makam scale. Using frequency analyses and tools like MakamBox, the research identifies precise deviations in pitch and microtone values in Ertaş’s music, highlighting how they differ from the Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek system. For example, the si flat and do sharp pitches exhibit specific microtone values, reflecting Kırşehir’s Abdal cultural tradition. Si flat often measures around 5.5 to 6 commas, while do sharp showing variations of 3 to 4 commas. The study concludes that Ertaş’s approach to the Hicaz makam scale underscores Kırşehir’s unique musical identity. It advocates for preserving and analyzing regional variations within Turkish music education and calls for further research using tools like MakamBox to capture these local distinctions. Through its Kırşehir-specific interpretation, Ertaş’s music enriches Turkish music’s cultural diversity and serves as an enduring source for future generations. © 2024, Tolga Karaca. All rights reserved.