Publication: Kur'an Harflerinin Okunmasında Lâzimî Sıfatlar
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Kırâatta; bir harfin hangi vasıflarla okunması gerektiği, 'tecvid' kavramı içerisinde kendine yer bulmaktadır. Tecvid ilminin tarifi, eserlerin birçoğunda özetle 'harfin lâzimî ve ârızî sıfatlarını gösterip, mahrecinden çıkarmak' şeklinde ifade edilmektedir. Harflerin mahrecinden çıkarılmasından sonra kırâatta en çok dikkat edilmesi gereken husus, lâzimî sıfatlardır. Harfin; mahrecinden okunmaması mananın değişmesine, kendisine ait olan sıfatların gösterilmemesi ise lahn / hataya sebebiyet vermektedir. Özellikle namaz esnasında, namazın bozulmasına neden olacak kadar önemli olan bu hatalar, ancak harflerin mahrecini ve lâzimî sıfatlarını teorik olarak bilmek ve fem-i muhsin denilen sağlam bir ağızdan öğrenilerek meleke kesbedecek derecede pratiğe dökmek sayesinde giderilebilir. Günümüzde lâzimî sıfatların pratikte uygulanması bölgesel olarak değişmekle beraber, özellikle Arap kârîlerin okuyuşları –harflerin hatalı okunmasında bile- düzgün okuyuş olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ancak 'mahreç' ve 'lâzimî sıfatlar' kavramları herhangi bir milletin veya topluluğun tekelinde olmayıp, eserlerde belirtilen normlara uygun olmak zorundadır. Ayrıca lâzimî sıfatlar, yalnızca kırâat ilmine mahsus olmayıp; nahiv, sarf, belağat, arûz, hikmet, felsefe, tıp, mûsikî, hat gibi ilimlerde de kendine yer bulmaktadır. Özellikle diğer ilim dallarında sesbilim ya da fonetik (phonétique) adıyla kullanılan bu sıfatlar, bütün dillerin dayandığı bilimlerden birisidir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kırâat, Lahn, Harf, Mahreç, Tecvîd
The matter of how a sound should be produced with the right qualites is assessed under the term 'tajweed'. The science of Tajweed, in various works, is briefly defined as producing a sound from its place of origin (makhraj) by showing its arizi and lazimi qualities. The next important thing in kiraat (recitation), after correctly producing the sounds from its place of origin, is adhereing to the rules concerning lazimi qualities. Failure of producing a sound from its place of origin may lead to a change in the meaning of a word and not showing the qualities of a sound may lead to a lahn (serious error). These kinds of failures in rules, if done during one's salah (prayer), may cause the void of his salah and they can only be eliminated with a solid theorical knowledge of the rules pertaining how the sounds are produced (makhraj), their lazimi qualities and by building up a habit of correct applications of rules which should be acquired from a fami muhsin (well qualified qiraat masters). Nowadays, although the practical applications of lazimi qualities differ regionally, the recitations of the Arabs, despite the possibility of being incorrect, is taken as a criteria for the standard correct recitation. But, the terms like makhraj and lazimi qualities should align with the rules which have been explained in the traditional works and not by the practise of any ethnic groups. In addition, lazimi qualities are not the interest of the science of Qiraat only. İt also has to do with nahw, sarf, balaghat, aruz, hikmah, philosophy, medicine, musiki and calligraphy. These sounds, which are studied in phonetics are widely used by other disciplines. Keywords: Recitation, Serious Error, Letter, Origin Place of Letter, Tajweed
The matter of how a sound should be produced with the right qualites is assessed under the term 'tajweed'. The science of Tajweed, in various works, is briefly defined as producing a sound from its place of origin (makhraj) by showing its arizi and lazimi qualities. The next important thing in kiraat (recitation), after correctly producing the sounds from its place of origin, is adhereing to the rules concerning lazimi qualities. Failure of producing a sound from its place of origin may lead to a change in the meaning of a word and not showing the qualities of a sound may lead to a lahn (serious error). These kinds of failures in rules, if done during one's salah (prayer), may cause the void of his salah and they can only be eliminated with a solid theorical knowledge of the rules pertaining how the sounds are produced (makhraj), their lazimi qualities and by building up a habit of correct applications of rules which should be acquired from a fami muhsin (well qualified qiraat masters). Nowadays, although the practical applications of lazimi qualities differ regionally, the recitations of the Arabs, despite the possibility of being incorrect, is taken as a criteria for the standard correct recitation. But, the terms like makhraj and lazimi qualities should align with the rules which have been explained in the traditional works and not by the practise of any ethnic groups. In addition, lazimi qualities are not the interest of the science of Qiraat only. İt also has to do with nahw, sarf, balaghat, aruz, hikmah, philosophy, medicine, musiki and calligraphy. These sounds, which are studied in phonetics are widely used by other disciplines. Keywords: Recitation, Serious Error, Letter, Origin Place of Letter, Tajweed
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2015
Libra Kayıt No: 88553
Libra Kayıt No: 88553
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