Publication: Dîvânü Lugati't-türk'teki Atasözlerinin Anlambilimsel Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Dil bir milletin kültürünü, tarihini olusturan en değerli varlığıdır. Dilin hayat bulduğu halk edebiyatı ürünlerinden biri de atasözleridir. Biz de bir kültür birikimi olan bu atasözlerini, kökeninden ve ulasabildiğimiz en eski kaynaklardan biri olan, Türk dilinin saheserlerinden, Dîvânü Lugati't-Türk'ten baslayarak, anlambilimsel açıdan, tümdengelim yöntemiyle incelemeyi amaçladık. Dîvânü Lugati't-Türk'teki sav ibaresiyle yer alan sözlerin, konularını, bakıs açılarını, yansıttıkları anlamları tespit ederek; sözcüklerin cümle içinde tasıdıkları gerçek, mecaz, yan anlamları ile es anlam, es sesli, zıt anlamlarına değindik. Anlambilimsel açıdan ele alınan savları, bir toplumun kalp atıslarının atasözlerinde duyulduğunu, bu nedenle hemen her konuda atasözü söylendiğini göstermek için, konularına göre sınıflandırdık. Ayrıca, atasözlerinin günümüzdeki kullanımını tespit etmek amacıyla, çalısmalarımız sırasında Dîvân'daki savlarla, Türkiye Türkçesi'ndeki savları karsılastırdık. Bu karsılastırma sonucunda bazı savların geçerliliğini aynen koruduğu halde, bazılarının anlam değisimine, anlam daralmasına, anlam iyilesmesine uğradığını, kültürel değerlerin değismesiyle, bazılarının da günümüze kadar geçerliliğini koruyamayıp, unutulduğunu göstermeye çalıstık. Buna göre, Karahanlı döneminden günümüze kadar dil, anlamca birçok değisime ve gelisime uğramıs, bu değisimden doğal olarak atasözleri de etkilenmistir. Atasözlerinin Xl. yüzyıldan itibaren baslattığımız serüvenini günümüze kadar getirmeye çalıstık. Yüzyıllar öncesinde olusturulan bu sözlerin anlam zenginliğine dikkat çekerek, hala özümüzü ifade etmedeki basarısını gözler önüne serdik.
Language is the most important wealth of which contitutes a nation?s culture and history. One of the works of folk literature from which language exists are the proverbs. We aimed to examine these cultural accumulation proverbs according to semantic with the deduction method beginning from the Dîvânü Lugati?t-Türk, one of the masterpiece of Turkish Language from which its root and is one of the oldest source we can reach. As establishing the subjects, points of view, meanings of what they reflect of the words which take part in the Dîvânü Lugati?t-Türk with the name of saying, we referred to the real, metaphor, subordinate meanings, synonyms, antonyms and hononymic meanings of the words bearing in the sentence. We classified the sayings considered with semantic view to show that the hear beats of a society are heard in sayings and for this reason a proverb is said on almost every subject. Besides, we compared the sayings in Dîvân and in Turkey?s Turkish in order to determine the today?s usage of the proverbs during our studies. At the end of this comparation we tried to show that although some sayings kept their currency exactly, some faced up with semantic changing, semantic restriction, semantic improvement, and with the changes of cultural values, also some were forgotten not being able to save their currency up to now. According to this, since Karahanlı period language has met with a lot of semantic changes and developments up to now, also the proverbs were effected by this change naturally. We have tried to bring the proverbs? adventure we have started since the eleventh century up to now. v i By attracting the attention of these words?semantic wealth being formed before centuries, we have spred out their success expressing our presence in minds.
Language is the most important wealth of which contitutes a nation?s culture and history. One of the works of folk literature from which language exists are the proverbs. We aimed to examine these cultural accumulation proverbs according to semantic with the deduction method beginning from the Dîvânü Lugati?t-Türk, one of the masterpiece of Turkish Language from which its root and is one of the oldest source we can reach. As establishing the subjects, points of view, meanings of what they reflect of the words which take part in the Dîvânü Lugati?t-Türk with the name of saying, we referred to the real, metaphor, subordinate meanings, synonyms, antonyms and hononymic meanings of the words bearing in the sentence. We classified the sayings considered with semantic view to show that the hear beats of a society are heard in sayings and for this reason a proverb is said on almost every subject. Besides, we compared the sayings in Dîvân and in Turkey?s Turkish in order to determine the today?s usage of the proverbs during our studies. At the end of this comparation we tried to show that although some sayings kept their currency exactly, some faced up with semantic changing, semantic restriction, semantic improvement, and with the changes of cultural values, also some were forgotten not being able to save their currency up to now. According to this, since Karahanlı period language has met with a lot of semantic changes and developments up to now, also the proverbs were effected by this change naturally. We have tried to bring the proverbs? adventure we have started since the eleventh century up to now. v i By attracting the attention of these words?semantic wealth being formed before centuries, we have spred out their success expressing our presence in minds.
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