Publication: Elektromanyetik Radyasyonun (2.45 Ghz) Rat Beyninde Oluşturduğu Oksidatif Hasar ve Sarımsağın Koruyucu Etkisi
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Günlük yaşantıda giderek artan bir kullanım alanı bulan EMD (elektromanyetik dalga) yayan cihazlar; yaşantımıza getirdiği kolaylıkların yanı sıra, günümüze kadar birçok araştırmaya konu olmuş zararlı etkilere de yol açabilmektedirler. Özellikle cep telefonlarının yaygınlaşması ile bu araştırmalar hız kazanmış, kablosuz iletişim sistemlerinin gelişmesiyle yüksek frekanslarda yapılan çalışmalar artmıştır. Bunlardan özellikle WLAN (Kablosuz Yerel Alan Ağları) sistemlerinin kullandığı frekans olan 2.45 GHz frekanslı RF (radyo frekans) radyasyonu üzerinde durulmaktadır. WLAN sistemleri, iki yönlü geniş bant veri iletişimi sağlayan, iletim ortamı olarak fiber optik veya bakır kablo yerine RF veya kızılötesi ışınları kullanan ve salon, bina veya kampüs gibi sınırlı alanlarda etki gösteren iletişim ağları olarak tanımlanmaktadır. EMD'lerin oksidatif hasara yol açtığı çeşitli çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Günlük yaşantıda maruz kalınan EMD'lerin etkilerine karşı antioksidan kullanarak yapılan araştırmaların sayısı giderek artmaktadır.Bu çalışmada EMD'lere bağlı ortaya çıkması muhtemel oksidatif hasarı ve antioksidan olduğu ileri sürülen sarımsağın, bu hasar üzerine etkili olup olmadığını araştırmayı amaçladık. Bu amaçla, her biri oniki rattan oluşan üç grup oluşturuldu. Birinci grup kontrol grubu olarak belirlendi. İkinci gruptaki ratlara 30 gün süreyle EMD (2.45 GHz.) uygulanırken, üçüncü gruptakilere EMD ile birlikte oral gavaj yoluyla 500 mg/kg/gün sarımsak uygulandı.Çalışmamızın sonunda, rat beyin dokusu ve kan örneklerinde lipit peroksidasyon ürünü olan TBARS (Tiyobarbutirik Asit Reaktif Ürünleri), AOPP (Protein Oksidasyon Ürünleri) ve DNA hasar göstergesi olan 8-OHdG (8-hidroksideoksiguanozin) düzeyleri ölçülerek istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi.EMD uygulanan grup, kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında, beyin dokusu ve serum örneklerinde TBARS düzeylerinde, beyin dokusu AOPP düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak herhangi bir farklılık tespit edilmedi. Beyin dokusu ve plazma örneklerinde 8-OHdG düzeylerinde ve plazma AOPP düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış görüldü (sırasıyla p<0,05 ve p<0,016). Sarımsak uygulanan III. grupta, beyin 8-OHdG ve plazma AOPP düzeylerinin, II. gruba göre anlamlı olarak azalması (sırasıyla p<0,05 ve p<0,016), ancak kontrol grubuna göre bir farklılık göstermemesi (sırasıyla p>0,05 ve p>0,016), sarımsağın EMA'nın ortaya çıkardığı oksidatif hasarı geri çevirdiğini düşündürmektedir.Sonuç olarak çalışmamızda kullandığımız 2.45 GHz frekanslı EMD radyasyonu, rat beyin dokusu ve plazma 8-OHdG düzeylerinde; rat plazma AOPP düzeylerinde artışa neden olmuştur. Sarımsak kullanımının uyguladığımız dozlarda EMD'lerin sebep olduğu hasarın önlenmesinde etkin olabileceği görülmüştür.Sarımsağın farklı etki mekanizmalarını ortaya çıkarmak için kullanım dozu veya uygulama süresi değiştirilerek yapılacak yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
The EMWs (electromagnetic waves) scattered devices that are commonly used in everyday life bring facilities to our lives. However EMWs can lead to harmful effects in animal subjects and in vitro cell cultures. In last years, mobile phones and wireless communication systems use commonly in daily life. These devices scatter EMWs included 2.45 GHz radiation. This study focuses on the RF (radio frequency) radiation with 2.45 GHz frequency that is used by WLAN (Wireless Local Area Networks) systems. WLAN systems are defined as the transmission networks which provide two-way broadband data communications; which use RF or infrared rays instead of using fiber optic or copper cable as the transmission medium and which act in the limited spaces such as hall, building or campus. Various reports show that the EMWs cause oxidative damages on organs. The researches, which are made by using antioxidant against the effects of the EMWs that exposure in daily life, are increasing.In this study, we aim to investigate the possible oxidative damage on the brain exposed to the EMWs and whether garlic as an antioxidant is effective on this damage or not. For this purpose, three groups of twelve rats each were composed. The control group rats (group-I) were fed with standard diet and rats are no exposed to EMWs. Group-II rats were only exposed to the EMWs radiation with 2.45 GHz frequency during 30 days. Group-III rats, in addition to exposed to the EMWs (2.45 GHz), were received 500 mg/kg/day garlic extract by oral gavage for 30 days.At the end of study period, the levels of TBARS (lipid peroxidation marker), AOPP (protein oxidation marker), and 8-OHdG (the indicator of DNA damage) in serum and brain tissue are measured and statistically evaluated among the groups.When the group which exposed to the EMWs is compared to the control group, statistically there is no difference both at the levels of TBARS and AOPP in their brain tissue and serum samples. But in their brain tissue and plasma samples, there is a statistically significant increase both at the levels of 8-OHdG and AOPP, (respectively p<0,05 and p<0,016). On the other hand, when Group-II is compared with Group-III, there is a significant reduction at the levels of 8-OHdG and the AOPP in the brain tissue samples of Group III, (respectively p<0,05 and p<0,016). But there is no difference between these levels in Group-III and the control group, (respectively p>0,05 and p>0,016). So these results suggest that the garlic reverses the oxidative damage produced by EMA.As a result of these findings and recent reports, 2.45 GHz EMW exposed for long periods lead an oxidative damage on DNA in the rat brain tissues and also AOPP concentration is elevated in plasma. In addition to these, 8-OHdG values in the brain and plasma were decreased by garlic use in group-III compared to group-II. The garlic administration is effective for the prevention of the damages caused by the EMWs at this dosage.We believed that further studies are required to reveal the different mechanisms of effect at different dosage and duration of garlic administration.
The EMWs (electromagnetic waves) scattered devices that are commonly used in everyday life bring facilities to our lives. However EMWs can lead to harmful effects in animal subjects and in vitro cell cultures. In last years, mobile phones and wireless communication systems use commonly in daily life. These devices scatter EMWs included 2.45 GHz radiation. This study focuses on the RF (radio frequency) radiation with 2.45 GHz frequency that is used by WLAN (Wireless Local Area Networks) systems. WLAN systems are defined as the transmission networks which provide two-way broadband data communications; which use RF or infrared rays instead of using fiber optic or copper cable as the transmission medium and which act in the limited spaces such as hall, building or campus. Various reports show that the EMWs cause oxidative damages on organs. The researches, which are made by using antioxidant against the effects of the EMWs that exposure in daily life, are increasing.In this study, we aim to investigate the possible oxidative damage on the brain exposed to the EMWs and whether garlic as an antioxidant is effective on this damage or not. For this purpose, three groups of twelve rats each were composed. The control group rats (group-I) were fed with standard diet and rats are no exposed to EMWs. Group-II rats were only exposed to the EMWs radiation with 2.45 GHz frequency during 30 days. Group-III rats, in addition to exposed to the EMWs (2.45 GHz), were received 500 mg/kg/day garlic extract by oral gavage for 30 days.At the end of study period, the levels of TBARS (lipid peroxidation marker), AOPP (protein oxidation marker), and 8-OHdG (the indicator of DNA damage) in serum and brain tissue are measured and statistically evaluated among the groups.When the group which exposed to the EMWs is compared to the control group, statistically there is no difference both at the levels of TBARS and AOPP in their brain tissue and serum samples. But in their brain tissue and plasma samples, there is a statistically significant increase both at the levels of 8-OHdG and AOPP, (respectively p<0,05 and p<0,016). On the other hand, when Group-II is compared with Group-III, there is a significant reduction at the levels of 8-OHdG and the AOPP in the brain tissue samples of Group III, (respectively p<0,05 and p<0,016). But there is no difference between these levels in Group-III and the control group, (respectively p>0,05 and p>0,016). So these results suggest that the garlic reverses the oxidative damage produced by EMA.As a result of these findings and recent reports, 2.45 GHz EMW exposed for long periods lead an oxidative damage on DNA in the rat brain tissues and also AOPP concentration is elevated in plasma. In addition to these, 8-OHdG values in the brain and plasma were decreased by garlic use in group-III compared to group-II. The garlic administration is effective for the prevention of the damages caused by the EMWs at this dosage.We believed that further studies are required to reveal the different mechanisms of effect at different dosage and duration of garlic administration.
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Tez (tıpta uzmanlık) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2012
Libra Kayıt No: 72284
Libra Kayıt No: 72284
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Scopus Q
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112
