Publication: Farklı Büyüme Dönemlerindeki Su Baskını Sürelerinin Buğday Bitkisinin Verim ve Kalite Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi
Abstract
Sulanan Tarım alanlarında ve yüksek yağışa maruz kalan bölgelerde su birikmesi, bitki büyüme ve gelişimi olumsuz etkileyerek yetiştirilen bitkilerde verimini olumsuz etkileyen çok önemli bir sorundur. Bu araştırma, 2022 ve 2023 yıllarında farklı büyüme ve gelişme dönemlerinde (kardeşlenme, sapa kalkma, çiçeklenme) ve farklı su basma sürelerinde (kontrol, 4 gün, 8 gün, 12 gün) buğday bitkisinin su basması koşullarına karşı verdiği tepkileri ve su basması süresi ile bitki su tüketimi, verim, antioksidan enzim içerikleri (CAT, SOD, APX, POD, GST), yaprakta MDA miktarı, prolin miktarı, sap sayısı, ana sap kalınlığı, bitki boyu, başak ağırlığı, başak uzunluğu, başakta tane ağırlığı, başakta tane sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, biokütle, tanede amiloz miktarı, nişasta, toplam n, protein içerikleri değişimleri üzerine etkilerini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma, lizimetrelerde kapalı bir alanda yürütülmüştür. Yapılan çalışma sonuçları, su altında kalma süresinin artmasıyla birlikte bitki verim parametrelerinde önemli düşüşler yaşandığını göstermektedir. Özellikle, su basmasının bitki gelişim dönemlerine bağlı olarak etkili olduğu ve su altında kalma süresi ile büyüme dönemleri arasında önemli etkileşimler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, KNO3 uygulamasının bu olumsuz etkileri azaltmadaki rolü üzerinde durulmuş ve KNO3 dozunun ve uygulama miktarının önemi incelenmiştir. Ancak, yanlış dozlarda KNO3 uygulamasının bitki üzerinde toksik etkilere neden olabileceği ve verimliliği azaltabileceği belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, su basmasının buğday bitkisinin büyüme ve verimi üzerindeki etkilerini detaylı bir tabloda ortaya konmuş ve su altında kalma süresinin artmasıyla birlikte bitki üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerin arttığını göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, su birikmesi yaşanan tarım alanlarında drenaj yöntemleriyle fazla suyun uzaklaştırılması, su birikmesinin, besin eksikliklerinin ve hastalıkların minimum seviyeye indirilmesi mümkündür. Ayrıca, tarımsal uygulamalarda su basmasına dayanıklı çeşitlerin tercih edilmesi ve KNO3 gibi dışsal uygulamanın dikkatlice yapılması gerektiğini önerilmektedir
Water accumulation in irrigated agricultural areas and areas exposed to high rainfall is a very important problem that adversely affects the yield of plants grown by negatively affecting plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the responses of wheat plants to waterlogging conditions at different growth and development stages (tillering, emergence, and flowering) and different waterlogging durations (control, 4 days, 8 days, 12 days) in 2022 and 2023. The effects of waterlogging duration on plant water consumption, yield, antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, APX, POD, GST), MDA content in leaves, proline content, number of stems, main stem thickness, plant height, spike weight, spike length, grain weight in spike, number of grains in spike, grain width, grain length, bin grain weight, biomass, amylose content in grain, starch, total n, protein contents. The research was carried out in a closed area using lysimeters. The results of the study showed that there were significant decreases in plant yield parameters with increasing flood times. In particular, it was determined that waterlogging was effective depending on plant growth stages, and there were significant interactions between submergence duration and growth stages. Furthermore, the role of KNO3 application in reducing these negative effects was emphasized and the importance of KNO3 dose and application amount was emphasized. However, it was determined that wrong the doses of KNO3 application may cause toxic effects on the plant and reduce productivity. The study revealed the effects of waterlogging on wheat growth and yield in detail and showed that the negative effects on the plant increased with the increasing duration of flood. These findings suggest that in agricultural areas with waterlogging, it is possible to remove excess water by drainage methods and minimize waterlogging, nutrient deficiencies, and diseases. It is also recommended that waterloggingresistant varieties should be preferred in agricultural practices, and external application such as KNO3 should be carefully applied.
Water accumulation in irrigated agricultural areas and areas exposed to high rainfall is a very important problem that adversely affects the yield of plants grown by negatively affecting plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the responses of wheat plants to waterlogging conditions at different growth and development stages (tillering, emergence, and flowering) and different waterlogging durations (control, 4 days, 8 days, 12 days) in 2022 and 2023. The effects of waterlogging duration on plant water consumption, yield, antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, APX, POD, GST), MDA content in leaves, proline content, number of stems, main stem thickness, plant height, spike weight, spike length, grain weight in spike, number of grains in spike, grain width, grain length, bin grain weight, biomass, amylose content in grain, starch, total n, protein contents. The research was carried out in a closed area using lysimeters. The results of the study showed that there were significant decreases in plant yield parameters with increasing flood times. In particular, it was determined that waterlogging was effective depending on plant growth stages, and there were significant interactions between submergence duration and growth stages. Furthermore, the role of KNO3 application in reducing these negative effects was emphasized and the importance of KNO3 dose and application amount was emphasized. However, it was determined that wrong the doses of KNO3 application may cause toxic effects on the plant and reduce productivity. The study revealed the effects of waterlogging on wheat growth and yield in detail and showed that the negative effects on the plant increased with the increasing duration of flood. These findings suggest that in agricultural areas with waterlogging, it is possible to remove excess water by drainage methods and minimize waterlogging, nutrient deficiencies, and diseases. It is also recommended that waterloggingresistant varieties should be preferred in agricultural practices, and external application such as KNO3 should be carefully applied.
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