Publication: Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Öğrenci ve Öğretmen Görüşleri Üzerine Bir Meta-Sentez Çalışması
Abstract
İnsan hayatında giderek daha fazla yer almaya başlayan ve sürekli olarak gelişip değişen teknoloji sayesinde bir çok alanda olduğu gibi eğitim-öğretim alanında da yenilikler ve gelişmeler olmaktadır. Eğitim alanını oluşturan bileşenler de bu gelişmelere paralel olarak kendini güncelleme ve yenileme adımlarını atmaktadır. Teknolojiyle eğitimin ortaklığından ortaya çıkan uzaktan eğitim de teknolojiyle birlikte sürekli olarak gelişip değişmekte ve hayatımızda giderek çok daha fazla yer almaktadır. Bu sebeple araştırmada meta sentez yöntemi kullanılarak eğitimin önemli unsurlarından olan öğrencilerin ve öğretmenlerin teknoloji ve eğitimin ortak alanında doğan uzaktan eğitime yönelik görüşlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla YÖK Tez Merkezi, ProQuest ve Google Akademik veri tabanlarından toplanan konuyla ilgili çalışmalar ön incelemeden geçirilerek amaca uygun olmayan ve dahil edilme kriterlerine uygunluk göstermeyen çalışmalar dışlanmıştır. Son aşamada toplam 168 çalışmanın meta-sentez çalışmasına uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Toplanan bu çalışmalar nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden meta-sentez yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Toplanan veriler Microsoft Excel yardımıyla oluşturulan veri toplama formuna 16 ayrı başlıkta işlenmiştir. Toplanan verilerin daha doğru ve güvenilir şekilde işlenebilmesi amacıyla her çalışma, bu çalışmaya özgü oluşturulan kodlama sistemine uygun şekilde çalışma türü, örneklem grubu, düzey ve inceleme sıra numarasına göre kodlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin ve öğretmenlerin altyapı yetersizlikleri, teknik sorunlar, donanım eksikliği, olumsuz yönde psikolojik etkiler, yalnızlaşma, plansızlık, fırsat eşitliğinin olmaması, ders katılımının ve başarının düşük olması ve ölçme değerlendirme gibi başıklarda olumsuz; zaman ve mekandan bağımsız olma, teknolojiyle uyumlu olma, ders içerik çeşitliliği ve materyal kullanım kolaylığı sunma, bireysel çalışma imkanı sunma, tekrar edilebilirlik, sürekli olarak öğrenme durumunu devam ettirebilme ve teknoloji kullanımını teşvik etmesi ve geliştirmesi gibi başlıklarda da genellikle olumlu bakış açısına sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda teknolojik imkanların artırılması, uzaktan eğitimle ilgili yeni yazılımlar oluşturulması, öğretmenlerin farkındalık düzeylerini artırıcı çalışmalar ve hibrit eğitimle ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
As in many fields, innovations and developments are taking place in the field of education and training thanks to technology, which is starting to take an increasing place in human life and is constantly developing and changing. The components that make up the educational field are also taking steps to update and renew themselves in parallel with these developments. Distance education, which has emerged from the partnership of technology and education, is also constantly developing and changing with technology and is increasingly taking part in our lives. For this reason, it was aimed to examine the views of students and teachers, who are important elements of education, on distance education born in the common field of technology and education using the meta-synthesis method in the research. For this purpose, studies on the subject collected from YOK Thesis Center, ProQuest and Google Academic databases were subjected to preliminary examination and studies that were not suitable for the purpose and did not comply with the inclusion criteria were excluded. At the last stage, it was determined that a total of 168 studies were suitable for the meta-synthesis study. These collected studies were examined by meta-synthesis method, one of the qualitative research methods. The collected data were processed in 16 separate headings into the data collection form created with the help of Microsoft Excel. In order to process the collected data more accurately and reliably, each study was coded according to the study type, sample group, level and examination sequence number in accordance with the coding system created specific to this study. As a result of the research, students' and teachers' infrastructure deficiencies, technical problems, lack of equipment, negative psychological effects, loneliness, lack of planning, lack of equality of opportunity, low course participation and achievement, and measurement and evaluation are negative; it has been found that they generally have a positive perspective on topics such as being independent of time and space, being compatible with technology, offering course content diversity and ease of use of materials, providing individual study opportunities, repeatability, being able to maintain a continuous learning state, and encouraging and improving the use of technology. At the end of the study, suggestions were made on increasing technological possibilities, creating new software related to distance education, increasing the awareness levels of teachers and hybrid education.
As in many fields, innovations and developments are taking place in the field of education and training thanks to technology, which is starting to take an increasing place in human life and is constantly developing and changing. The components that make up the educational field are also taking steps to update and renew themselves in parallel with these developments. Distance education, which has emerged from the partnership of technology and education, is also constantly developing and changing with technology and is increasingly taking part in our lives. For this reason, it was aimed to examine the views of students and teachers, who are important elements of education, on distance education born in the common field of technology and education using the meta-synthesis method in the research. For this purpose, studies on the subject collected from YOK Thesis Center, ProQuest and Google Academic databases were subjected to preliminary examination and studies that were not suitable for the purpose and did not comply with the inclusion criteria were excluded. At the last stage, it was determined that a total of 168 studies were suitable for the meta-synthesis study. These collected studies were examined by meta-synthesis method, one of the qualitative research methods. The collected data were processed in 16 separate headings into the data collection form created with the help of Microsoft Excel. In order to process the collected data more accurately and reliably, each study was coded according to the study type, sample group, level and examination sequence number in accordance with the coding system created specific to this study. As a result of the research, students' and teachers' infrastructure deficiencies, technical problems, lack of equipment, negative psychological effects, loneliness, lack of planning, lack of equality of opportunity, low course participation and achievement, and measurement and evaluation are negative; it has been found that they generally have a positive perspective on topics such as being independent of time and space, being compatible with technology, offering course content diversity and ease of use of materials, providing individual study opportunities, repeatability, being able to maintain a continuous learning state, and encouraging and improving the use of technology. At the end of the study, suggestions were made on increasing technological possibilities, creating new software related to distance education, increasing the awareness levels of teachers and hybrid education.
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