Publication: Ohmik Isıtma Destekli Hidrodistilasyon Yöntemi İle Karanfil, Tarçın ve Defne Esansiyel Yağlarının Elde Edilmesi ve Enkapsülasyonu
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Bu çalışmada karanfil, tarçın ve defne bitkilerinden ohmik ısıtma destekli hidrodistilasyon (ODHD) sistemi kullanılarak aromatik esansiyel yağ (EY) elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Her bir EY'nin üretimi için ODHD sistem koşulları yanıt yüzey yöntemi kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. Ekstraksiyon süresi, örnek kütlesi ve voltaj gradyanı değişkenler olarak belirlenmiştir. EY verimi ve enerji tüketim miktarları yanıt olarak seçilmiştir. ODHD yöntemi ile optimum koşullarda üretilen EY'ler ve klasik hidrodistilasyon (HD) yöntemi ile üretilen EY'lerin özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Karanfil EY'si için optimum üretim koşulları 97.97 dakika ekstraksiyon süresi, 40 g örnek kütlesi ve 12.50 V/cm voltaj gradyanı, tarçın EY'si için optimum üretim koşulları 119.99 dakika ekstraksiyon süresi, 40 g örnek kütlesive 8.83 V/cm voltaj gradyanı ve defne EY'si için optimum üretim koşulları 120.00 dakika ekstraksiyon süresi, 40 g örnek kütlesi ve 8.53 V/cm voltaj gradyanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Optimum üretim koşullarında üretilen EY'lerin verimleri karanfil, tarçın ve defne için sırasıyla %13.181.50, %3.980.25 ve %1.360.14 olarak hesaplanmış ve HD yönteminden önemli derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Enerji verimliliği açısından karşılaştırıldığında ODHD yöntemi ile yapılan üretimlerde enerji tüketim değerleri karanfil için istatistiksel olarak farklılık göstermezken (p>0.05), tarçın ve defne için daha düşük olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm yöntemler ile üretilen EY'lerin anahtar aroma bileşenleri karanfil için öjenol, tarçın için sinnamaldehit ve defne için ökaliptol olarak belirlenmiştir. ODHD sistemi ile optimum üretim koşullarında elde edilen EY'ler farklı kaplayıcı materyaller (siklodekstrin, buğday nişastası, mısır nişastası, patates nişastası ve pirinç nişastası) kullanılarak enkapsüle edilmişlerdir. Dondurarak kurutma tekniği ile üretilen enkapsüllerin depolama süresince, pH ve sıcaklığın etkisi ile yapay tükürük ortamında salınım özellikleri incelenmiştir. Enkapsülasyon etkinlikleri %39.531.87-91.680.80 aralığında belirlenmiştir. Farklı sıcaklık (4C ve 25C) ve pH değerlerinde (pH 5 ve pH 7) enkapsüle EY'lerin salınım özelliklerinin istatistiksel açıdan değişmediği (p>0.05) tespit edilmiştir. Yapay tükürük sıvısı içerisinde 60 dakika boyunca kontrollü salınımın geçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. 30 günlük depolama süresince ise enkapsüller içerisinde bulunan anahtar bileşenlerin tutunum oranlarının zamanla değişmediği veya azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir.
In this study, ohmic heating assisted hydrodistillation (ODHD) was employed to extraction of essential oils from clove bud, cinnamon bark, and bay leaves. ODHD processes for extraction essential oils from clove bud, cinnamon bark, and bay leaves were optimized by response surface methodology. Extraction time, sample mass and voltage gradient were selected as independent variables. Essential oil yield and energy consumption were treated as responses. Essential oils extracted by ODHD at optimum conditions were compared with those of the conventional hydrodistillation (HD). Optimum ODHD conditions of clove buds, cinnamon bark and bay leaves were; 97.97 minutes of hydrodistillation time, 40 g of sample and 12.50 V/cm voltage gradient, 119.99 minutes of hydrodistillation time, 40 g of sample and 8.83 V/cm voltage gradient, and 120 minutes of hydrodistillation time, 40 g of sample and 8.53 V/cm voltage gradient, respectively. At these optimum conditions, essential oil yields were determined as 13.181.50%, 3.980.25 % and 1.360.14 % for clove buds, cinnamon bark and bay leaves, respectively. Essential oil yields of the ODHD processes were higher than the HD. Although energy consumption values of OAHD methods were not significantly different for clove essential oil production (p>0.05). Energy consumption values of OAHD method for cinnamon and bay leaves essential oil production were significantly lower than HD methods. Among identified compounds in the essential oils of clove buds, cinnamon bark and bay leaves; eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and eucalyptol were the most abundant components independently of the method used. Essential oils produced at optimum conditions were encapsulated with different carrier agents (cyclodextrin, wheat starch, corn starch, potato starch and rice starch) by freeze-drying method. Encapsulation yields were determined in a range of 39.531.87%-91.680.80%. Storage stability and the effects of pH, temperature and simulated saliva on the aroma release of encapsulated essential oils were evaluated. No significant differences were observed between different temperatures (4°C and 25°C) and different pH values (pH 5 and pH 7) in terms of aroma release properties of encapsulated essential oils. Controlled released were occurred during 60 minutes. Retention ratios of key components encapsules were remain stable or decreased duration 30 days storage conditions.
In this study, ohmic heating assisted hydrodistillation (ODHD) was employed to extraction of essential oils from clove bud, cinnamon bark, and bay leaves. ODHD processes for extraction essential oils from clove bud, cinnamon bark, and bay leaves were optimized by response surface methodology. Extraction time, sample mass and voltage gradient were selected as independent variables. Essential oil yield and energy consumption were treated as responses. Essential oils extracted by ODHD at optimum conditions were compared with those of the conventional hydrodistillation (HD). Optimum ODHD conditions of clove buds, cinnamon bark and bay leaves were; 97.97 minutes of hydrodistillation time, 40 g of sample and 12.50 V/cm voltage gradient, 119.99 minutes of hydrodistillation time, 40 g of sample and 8.83 V/cm voltage gradient, and 120 minutes of hydrodistillation time, 40 g of sample and 8.53 V/cm voltage gradient, respectively. At these optimum conditions, essential oil yields were determined as 13.181.50%, 3.980.25 % and 1.360.14 % for clove buds, cinnamon bark and bay leaves, respectively. Essential oil yields of the ODHD processes were higher than the HD. Although energy consumption values of OAHD methods were not significantly different for clove essential oil production (p>0.05). Energy consumption values of OAHD method for cinnamon and bay leaves essential oil production were significantly lower than HD methods. Among identified compounds in the essential oils of clove buds, cinnamon bark and bay leaves; eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and eucalyptol were the most abundant components independently of the method used. Essential oils produced at optimum conditions were encapsulated with different carrier agents (cyclodextrin, wheat starch, corn starch, potato starch and rice starch) by freeze-drying method. Encapsulation yields were determined in a range of 39.531.87%-91.680.80%. Storage stability and the effects of pH, temperature and simulated saliva on the aroma release of encapsulated essential oils were evaluated. No significant differences were observed between different temperatures (4°C and 25°C) and different pH values (pH 5 and pH 7) in terms of aroma release properties of encapsulated essential oils. Controlled released were occurred during 60 minutes. Retention ratios of key components encapsules were remain stable or decreased duration 30 days storage conditions.
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2019
Libra Kayıt No: 130960
Libra Kayıt No: 130960
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