Publication: Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde Leptospirozis
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ÖZET Leptospirozis yaygın bir antropozoonozistir. Leptospirozis ateş, baş ağrısı, konjuktival kızarıklık, ve Miyalji ile karekterize olan, Leptospira interrogans 'lar tarafından oluşturulan bir hastalıktır. Ciddi vakalarda hepatik ve renal yetmezlik olabilir. Hastalık insanlara taşıyıcı kemiriciler aracılığı ile geçer, temel rezervuar ratlardır. Çok farklı klinik bulguların olabilmesi nedeniyle klinik tam zordur. Efektif tedavisi ve prevelans çalışmaları için laboratuvar tanısı esastır. Leptospirozisin tanısında MAT referans testtir, fakat IgM spesifik ELISA akut leptospirozisin tanısında daha duyarlı olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada O.M.Ü. Tıp Fakültesi Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve înfeksiyon Hastalıkları kliniğinde 1991-1997 arasında leptospirozis tanısı ile izlenen 24 hasta değerlendirildi. Ayrıca Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde leptospirozisin prevelansı, predominant serovarlar ve temel rezervuar olan ratlarda leptospirozis taşıyıcılığı değerlendirildi. Riskli gruptan 279, kontrol grubundan 200 serum toplandı. Değerlendirilen 28 ratta karanlık alan incelemesi, gümüş boyama metodu, MAT ve kültür yöntemleri ile leptospira arandı. Antijen olarak L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. grippotyphosa, L. sejroe hardjo ve L. biflexa patoc I kullanılarak Faine tarafından tanımlanan MAT ile antileptospiral aglutininler araştırıldı. MAT için pozitif titre olarak hastalar için 1/160, taşıyıcılar için 1/100 ve epidemiyolojik çalışma için 1/20 kabul edildi. Leptospirozis tanısı MAT ve ELISA IgM pozitifliği ile doğrulandı. Hastaların 23 (% 95.8)'ü ikterik formda leptospirozisli idi, 5 (% 20.8)'i exitus oldu. Hastalarda belirlenen serovarlar 8 ( % 53.3) L. icterohaemorrhagiae, 3 (% 20) L. grippotyphosa, 3 (% 20) L. biflexa Patoc ive 1 (% 6. 7) L. sejroe hardjo olmuştur. Epidemiyolojik çalışmada antileptospiral antikor pozitifliği riskli grupta % 4. 3, kontrol grubunda % 0. 05 olarak bulundu. Fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı idi (p<0.05). Riskli grupta 7 (% 58.3) L. grippotyphosa, 5 (% 41.7) L. ictterohaemorrhagiae saptandı. Radardan % 53.6 sında enaz bir yöntem ile leptospira tesbit edildi, belirlenen serovarlar (2 MAT, 1 kültür) L. icterohaemorrhagiae olarak saptanmıştır. 44Bölgemiz için ateş, sarılık ve renal bulguları olan hastalarda leptospirozisin ayırıcı tanıda düşünülmesi ve spesifik laboratuvar tanısına başvurulması çok önemlidir. Spesifik laboratuvar tanısı için ELISA IgM ve immunfloresan yöntemlerin kullanılması gereklidir. Ratlarla mücadele, riskli temastan önce koruyucu önlemler alınması ve gerektiğinde kemoprofilaksiye başvurulması leptospirozis insidansını azaltabilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Leptospira, leptospirozis, Weil Hastalığı, epidemiyoloji 45
ABSTRACT Leptospirosis is a worldwide zooanthroponosis. Leptospirosis is caused by spirochetes of the Leptospira interrogans complex and is characterized at presentation by fever, headache, conjuctivitis and myalgia. In severe cases there may be hepatic and renal dysfonction. The diseases is transmitted to human beings by carrier rodents. The wide spectrum of symptoms makes the diagnosis of human leptospirosis diffucult. Therefore labaratory-based diagnosis is essential for effective therapy and for epidemiolgic surveys. MAT is reference test for leptospirosis, but IgM specific ELISA appears to be sensitive and specific for the serodiagnosis of acute leptospirosis. In this study 24 adult patients with leptospirosis were evaluated. They were admitted to department of Infectious Diseases of Ondokuz Mayıs University Hospital, between 1991 and 1997. Demographic data, symptoms, clinical and laboratory findings on admission and lenght of hospital stay and ultimate outcome were complied. We detected the prevelance of leptospiral infections and predominant serotypes and rats that were reservoires for leptospirosis, in Middle Black Sea region. Serum samples for serology were obtained from 279 people with risks of leptospirosis, and 200 people with no risk, all of whom were appearently healthy. Sera of all the human and 10 rat were tested for the presence of leptospiral agglutinins by MAT using the folloving four leptospiral antigens; L. interrogans icterohaemorrhagiae, L. interrogans grippotyphosa, L. interrogans sejroe hardjo and L. biflexa semaranga patoc I. A titre of 1/160 and above for patients, 1/100 and above for rats and 1/20 and above for epidemiological survey was consider as positive. Diagnosis was confirmed by the positivity of MAT and ELISA IgM. 23 (95.8 %) of patients had icteric leptospirosis, 5 (20.8 % )were died. The serovar defined in patients 8 (53.3 %) L. icterohaemorrhagiae, 3 (20 %) L. grippotyphosa, 3 (20 %) L. biflexa Patoc I and 1 (6.7 % ) L. sejroe hardjo. The positivity of antileptospiral antibody in risk and control groups were found 4.3 %, 0.05% respectively. Ststisticaly diffrence was significant (p<0.05). The serovar defined in prevelence study risk and control groups 7 (58.3 %) L. grippotyphosa, 5 (41.7 %) L. letter ohaemorrhagiae We look for Leptospira in 28 rats by methods dark field microscopy, silver staining, MAT and culture. We detected leptospira 53.6 % of them by at least one method. L. icterohaemorrhagiae was determined in 3 of rats identified as serovar (2 MAT,1 culture). 46Considering leptospirosis is importent, and apply for specific laboratory methods in patients who have fever, jaundice and renal dysfonction as a differential diagnosis for our region. ELISA IgM and immonoflouresences methods for specific laboratory diagnosis must be used. Fighting rats, preventive measures before exposure for risk, administering chemoprophylaxis when it's needed can be reduced the incidance of leptospirosis. Key Words: Leptospira, leptospirosis, Weil Disease, epidemiology 47
ABSTRACT Leptospirosis is a worldwide zooanthroponosis. Leptospirosis is caused by spirochetes of the Leptospira interrogans complex and is characterized at presentation by fever, headache, conjuctivitis and myalgia. In severe cases there may be hepatic and renal dysfonction. The diseases is transmitted to human beings by carrier rodents. The wide spectrum of symptoms makes the diagnosis of human leptospirosis diffucult. Therefore labaratory-based diagnosis is essential for effective therapy and for epidemiolgic surveys. MAT is reference test for leptospirosis, but IgM specific ELISA appears to be sensitive and specific for the serodiagnosis of acute leptospirosis. In this study 24 adult patients with leptospirosis were evaluated. They were admitted to department of Infectious Diseases of Ondokuz Mayıs University Hospital, between 1991 and 1997. Demographic data, symptoms, clinical and laboratory findings on admission and lenght of hospital stay and ultimate outcome were complied. We detected the prevelance of leptospiral infections and predominant serotypes and rats that were reservoires for leptospirosis, in Middle Black Sea region. Serum samples for serology were obtained from 279 people with risks of leptospirosis, and 200 people with no risk, all of whom were appearently healthy. Sera of all the human and 10 rat were tested for the presence of leptospiral agglutinins by MAT using the folloving four leptospiral antigens; L. interrogans icterohaemorrhagiae, L. interrogans grippotyphosa, L. interrogans sejroe hardjo and L. biflexa semaranga patoc I. A titre of 1/160 and above for patients, 1/100 and above for rats and 1/20 and above for epidemiological survey was consider as positive. Diagnosis was confirmed by the positivity of MAT and ELISA IgM. 23 (95.8 %) of patients had icteric leptospirosis, 5 (20.8 % )were died. The serovar defined in patients 8 (53.3 %) L. icterohaemorrhagiae, 3 (20 %) L. grippotyphosa, 3 (20 %) L. biflexa Patoc I and 1 (6.7 % ) L. sejroe hardjo. The positivity of antileptospiral antibody in risk and control groups were found 4.3 %, 0.05% respectively. Ststisticaly diffrence was significant (p<0.05). The serovar defined in prevelence study risk and control groups 7 (58.3 %) L. grippotyphosa, 5 (41.7 %) L. letter ohaemorrhagiae We look for Leptospira in 28 rats by methods dark field microscopy, silver staining, MAT and culture. We detected leptospira 53.6 % of them by at least one method. L. icterohaemorrhagiae was determined in 3 of rats identified as serovar (2 MAT,1 culture). 46Considering leptospirosis is importent, and apply for specific laboratory methods in patients who have fever, jaundice and renal dysfonction as a differential diagnosis for our region. ELISA IgM and immonoflouresences methods for specific laboratory diagnosis must be used. Fighting rats, preventive measures before exposure for risk, administering chemoprophylaxis when it's needed can be reduced the incidance of leptospirosis. Key Words: Leptospira, leptospirosis, Weil Disease, epidemiology 47
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Tez (tıpta uzmanlık) –Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 1997
Libra Kayıt No: 32008
Libra Kayıt No: 32008
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