Publication: Klasik Pterional Yaklaşım ile Osteoplastik Pterional Yaklaşımın Temporal Adale ve Frontal Sinir Fonksiyonlarına Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Amaç: Ön ve orta kranial fossaya ulaşımda en sık tercih edilen yaklaşım pterional yaklaşımdır. Bu yaklaşım kullanılan hastalarda, postoperatif dönemde gelişen temporal kas atrofisini ve frontal sinir hasarını en aza indirgemek için osteoplastik pterional açılış geliştirilmiştir. Bizler klasik ve osteoplastik pterional açılışların preoperatif-intraoperatif-postoperatif süreçlerinin tartışılması, postoperatif dönemdeki sonuçlarının karşılaştırılmasını amaçladık. Hastalar ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Ekim 2023 ve Mart 2024 arasında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Nöroşirürji Anabilim Dalı'nda yatan ve preoperatif ince kesit manyetik rezonans görüntüleme yapılan hastalar dahil edildi. 2023 Ekim-Kasım-Aralık aylarında hastalarda osteoplastik açılış, 2024 Ocak-Şubat-Mart aylarında ise standart serbest kemik flepli pterional yaklaşım uygulandı. Hastaların tamamı aynı cerrah tarafından ameliyat edildi. İki teknik uygulanırken de monopolar koter cihazı kullanılmadı. Cerrahi sırasında her iki yöntem de adım adım fotoğraflandı. Hastaların preoperatif görüntülemeleri DICOM formatında elde edildi, ITK-SNAP programında temporal kas hacimleri ölçüldü. Postoperatif 6 ay sonra hastaların hem kaş düşüklüğü açısından fizik muayeneleri yapıldı, hem de postoperatif DICOM formatındaki görüntülemelerinde kas hacimleri ölçüldü. Veriler SPSS (v25; IBM Corp., Armonk., NY, USA) programıyla analiz edildi. Bulgular: Klasik ve osteoplastik pterional açılış yapılan hastaların preoperatif dönemdeki ve postoperatif altıncı ay kontrolündeki temporal kas hacimleri karşılaştırıldığında; klasik pterional yöntem kullanılan hastalardaki kas hacim kaybının, osteoplastik gruptakilerden istatistiksel olarak yüksek olduğu saptandı. Temporal kas atrofisinin, iki grupta da yaşlı hastalarda daha fazla olmasına rağmen istatistiksel açıdan yaş ve cinsiyete bağlı olarak değişmediği görüldü. Fasial sinirin frontotemporal dal hasarına bağlı gelişen kaş düşüklüğünün yine klasik yöntem kullanılan hastalarda, osteoplastik gruptakilerden fazla görüldüğü; ancak istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olmadığı tespit edildi. Sonuçlar: Osteoplastik pterional yaklaşım, standart serbest kemik flepli pterional açılışa tercih edilmelidir; çünkü postoperatif dönemde temporal kas atrofisi daha az görülmekte, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmasa da hastalarda kaş düşüklüğüyle daha nadir karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar özellikle benign patolojilerde, cerrahi sonrası kozmetik ve fonksiyonel açıdan hasta memnuniyetini artırmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Nöroanatomi, Pterional, Osteoplastik, Temporal, Fasial.
Purpose: The most preferred approach to reach the anterior and middle cranial fossa is the pterional approach. In patients using this approach, osteoplastic pterional opening has been developed to minimize temporal muscle atrophy and frontal nerve damage that develop in the postoperative period. We aimed to discuss the preoperative-intraoperative-postoperative processes of classical and osteoplastic pterional openings and to compare the results in the postoperative period. Patients and Methods: Patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurosurgery at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine between October 2023 and March 2024 and who underwent preoperative thin-section magnetic resonance imaging were included in the study. Osteoplastic opening was performed on the patients in October-November-December 2023, and a standard free bone flap pterional approach was performed in January-February-March 2024. All patients were operated on by the same surgeon. Monopolar cautery device was not used when applying either technique. Both methods were photographed step by step during surgery. Preoperative images of the patients were obtained in DICOM format, and temporal muscle volumes were measured in the ITK-SNAP program. After 6 months postoperatively, the patients were physically examined for drooping eyebrows and their muscle volumes were measured in postoperative DICOM format imaging. Data were analyzed with SPSS (v25; IBM Corp., Armonk., NY, USA). Results: When the temporal muscle volumes of patients who underwent classical and osteoplastic pterional opening were compared in the preoperative period and at the sixth month postoperative control; It was determined that muscle volume loss in patients using the classical pterional method was statistically higher than in the osteoplastic group. Although temporal muscle atrophy was more common in elderly patients in both groups, it was observed that it did not change statistically depending on age and gender. Drooping eyebrows due to damage to the frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve was observed more frequently in patients using the classical method than in the osteoplastic group; However, it was found to be not statistically significant. Conclusions: The osteoplastic pterional approach should be preferred to the standard free bone flap pterional opening; because temporal muscle atrophy is less common in the postoperative period and although it is not statistically significant, drooping eyebrows are encountered less frequently in patients. These results increase patient satisfaction in terms of cosmetics and functionality after surgery, especially in benign pathologies. Key Words: Neuroanatomy, Pterional, Osteoplastic, Temporal, Facial.
Purpose: The most preferred approach to reach the anterior and middle cranial fossa is the pterional approach. In patients using this approach, osteoplastic pterional opening has been developed to minimize temporal muscle atrophy and frontal nerve damage that develop in the postoperative period. We aimed to discuss the preoperative-intraoperative-postoperative processes of classical and osteoplastic pterional openings and to compare the results in the postoperative period. Patients and Methods: Patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurosurgery at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine between October 2023 and March 2024 and who underwent preoperative thin-section magnetic resonance imaging were included in the study. Osteoplastic opening was performed on the patients in October-November-December 2023, and a standard free bone flap pterional approach was performed in January-February-March 2024. All patients were operated on by the same surgeon. Monopolar cautery device was not used when applying either technique. Both methods were photographed step by step during surgery. Preoperative images of the patients were obtained in DICOM format, and temporal muscle volumes were measured in the ITK-SNAP program. After 6 months postoperatively, the patients were physically examined for drooping eyebrows and their muscle volumes were measured in postoperative DICOM format imaging. Data were analyzed with SPSS (v25; IBM Corp., Armonk., NY, USA). Results: When the temporal muscle volumes of patients who underwent classical and osteoplastic pterional opening were compared in the preoperative period and at the sixth month postoperative control; It was determined that muscle volume loss in patients using the classical pterional method was statistically higher than in the osteoplastic group. Although temporal muscle atrophy was more common in elderly patients in both groups, it was observed that it did not change statistically depending on age and gender. Drooping eyebrows due to damage to the frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve was observed more frequently in patients using the classical method than in the osteoplastic group; However, it was found to be not statistically significant. Conclusions: The osteoplastic pterional approach should be preferred to the standard free bone flap pterional opening; because temporal muscle atrophy is less common in the postoperative period and although it is not statistically significant, drooping eyebrows are encountered less frequently in patients. These results increase patient satisfaction in terms of cosmetics and functionality after surgery, especially in benign pathologies. Key Words: Neuroanatomy, Pterional, Osteoplastic, Temporal, Facial.
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