Publication: Noskapini̇n Sıçanlarda Maternal Seperasyonla Oluşturulan Depresyon Benzeri̇ Davranışlara Etkisi̇
Abstract
GİRİŞ VE AMAÇ: Depresyon hayat kalitesini düşüren ve intihar riskinde artışa neden olan bir hastalıktır. Erken hayat stresi beyin gelişimini etkileyerek depresyon riskini arttırmaktadır. Maternal seperasyon (MS) erken hayat stresi oluşturarak depresyon benzeri davranışlara neden olan bir hayvan modelidir. Çalışmadaki amaç noskapinin erken hayat stresine maruz bırakılmış sıçanlarda depresyon benzeri davranışlara etkisini incelemektir. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: 12 adet gebe Wistar Albino sıçan rastgele olarak 4 gruba ayrılmıştır; kontrol, MS, noskapin 5 mg/kg ve noskapin 10 mg/kg. Sıçanların doğum yaptıkları gün postnatal gün (PNG) 0 kabul edilmiştir. Kontrol grubu haricindeki yavrular PNG 1'den PNG 14'e kadar her gün 3 saat anne kafesinden farklı bir odada tutularak maternal seperasyon uygulanmıştır. PNG 21'de tüm yavrular sütten kesilmiş ve 14 gün boyunca tedavi gruplarına intraperitoneal olarak belirtilen dozlarda noskapin, kontrol grubu ve maternal seperasyon gruplarına ise çözücüsü uygulanmıştır. Son enjeksiyon gününün ertesinde farklı günlerde yavrulara lokomotor test, zorlu yüzdürme testi, pasif sakınma testi ve şeker tercih testi yapılmıştır. Ardından hayvan dokularının immünohistokimyasal incelemeleri yapılmıştır. BULGULAR: Lokomotor testte gruplar arasında istatiksel anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Zorlu yüzdürme testinde, MS grubunda hareketsizlik süresi kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunurken, 5 mg/kg noskapinin bu süreyi anlamlı olarak azalttığı ancak 10 mg/kg noskapinin anlamlı bir farklılık yaratmadığı belirlenmiştir. Pasif sakınma testinde karanlık alana geçme süresi MS grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak kısalırken, noskapin 5 mg/kg grubunda anlamlı farklılık görülmediği ancak noskapin 10 mg/kg grubunda bu sürenin anlamlı olarak artarak kontrol değerlerine döndüğü tespit edilmiştir. Şeker tercih testinde MS grubunda şekerli su tüketimi kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak azalmış, noskapinin her iki dozu ise anlamlı bir farklılık yaratmamıştır. Beyin Türevli Nörotrofik Faktör düzeyleri MS grubunda kontrol grubuna kıyasla azalmış noskapin tedavisi genel olarak bu düzeyleri artırmamıştır. Tümör nekrozis faktör düzeyleri ise MS grubunda kontrol grubuna göre artmış, tedavi gruplarında ise genel olarak bu artma engellenmiştir. TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ: Bu sonuçlar, noskapinin depresyon benzeri davranışlar üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. ANAHTAR SÖZCÜKLER: Noskapin, Depresyon, SK Kanalları, Maternal Seperasyon, TNF-a
OBJECTIVES: Depression is a disease that reduces the quality of life and increases the risk of suicide. Early life stress increases the risk of depression by affecting brain development. Maternal separation (MS) is an animal model that causes depression-like behaviors by creating early life stress. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of noscapine on depression-like behaviors in rats exposed to early life stress. MATERIALS-METHODS: 12 pregnant Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; control, MS, noscapine 5 mg/kg and noscapine 10 mg/kg. The postnatal day (PNG) on the day the rats gave birth was considered 0. Except for the control group, the offspring from other groups were kept in a different room than the mother's cage for 3 hours every day from PNG 1 to PNG 14 and maternal separation was applied therefore. In PNG 21, all pups were weaned and noscapine was administered intraperitoneally to the treatment groups, and vehicle was administered to the control and maternal separation groups for 14 days. Locomotor test, forced swimming test, passive avoidance test and sugar preference test were applied to pups on different days after the last injection day. After the last test day, animal tissues are collected and analized with immunochemistrical method. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the locomotor test. In the forced swim test, the immobility time was found to be significantly higher in the MS group compared to the control group, while 5 mg/kg noscapine significantly reduced this time, but 10 mg/kg noscapine did not make a significant difference. In the passive avoidance test, the time to enter the dark side was significantly shorter in the MS group compared to the control group, while there was no significant difference in the noscapine 5 mg/kg group, but this time increased significantly in the noscapine 10 mg/kg group and returned to the control values. In the sugar preference test, the consumption of sugary water in the MS group decreased significantly compared to the control group, and although both doses of noscapine increased the consumption of sugary water a little, it did not create a statistically significant difference. Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor levels were decreased in the MS group compared to the control group and noscapine treatment generally had not changed this. Tumor necrosis factor levels were increased in the MS group compared to the control group and noscapine treatment generally lowered this levels closer to control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that noscapine can have an effect on depression-like behaviors. KEYWORDS: Noscapine, Depression, SK Channels, Maternal Separation, TNF-a
OBJECTIVES: Depression is a disease that reduces the quality of life and increases the risk of suicide. Early life stress increases the risk of depression by affecting brain development. Maternal separation (MS) is an animal model that causes depression-like behaviors by creating early life stress. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of noscapine on depression-like behaviors in rats exposed to early life stress. MATERIALS-METHODS: 12 pregnant Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; control, MS, noscapine 5 mg/kg and noscapine 10 mg/kg. The postnatal day (PNG) on the day the rats gave birth was considered 0. Except for the control group, the offspring from other groups were kept in a different room than the mother's cage for 3 hours every day from PNG 1 to PNG 14 and maternal separation was applied therefore. In PNG 21, all pups were weaned and noscapine was administered intraperitoneally to the treatment groups, and vehicle was administered to the control and maternal separation groups for 14 days. Locomotor test, forced swimming test, passive avoidance test and sugar preference test were applied to pups on different days after the last injection day. After the last test day, animal tissues are collected and analized with immunochemistrical method. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the locomotor test. In the forced swim test, the immobility time was found to be significantly higher in the MS group compared to the control group, while 5 mg/kg noscapine significantly reduced this time, but 10 mg/kg noscapine did not make a significant difference. In the passive avoidance test, the time to enter the dark side was significantly shorter in the MS group compared to the control group, while there was no significant difference in the noscapine 5 mg/kg group, but this time increased significantly in the noscapine 10 mg/kg group and returned to the control values. In the sugar preference test, the consumption of sugary water in the MS group decreased significantly compared to the control group, and although both doses of noscapine increased the consumption of sugary water a little, it did not create a statistically significant difference. Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor levels were decreased in the MS group compared to the control group and noscapine treatment generally had not changed this. Tumor necrosis factor levels were increased in the MS group compared to the control group and noscapine treatment generally lowered this levels closer to control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that noscapine can have an effect on depression-like behaviors. KEYWORDS: Noscapine, Depression, SK Channels, Maternal Separation, TNF-a
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