Publication: Üçüncü Trimesterdeki Gebelerde Doğum Öncesi Stres Ve Doğum Korkusunun Uyku Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkileri: Kesitsel Bir Araştırma
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, üçüncü trimesterdeki gebelerin uyku kalitesini belirlemek ve doğum öncesi stres düzeyinin uyku kalitesi üzerindeki etkisinde doğuma yönelik korkunun aracı rolünü incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel tipte bir anket çalışmasıdır. Bu çalışmaya Kasım 2024-Mayıs 2025 arasında gebe polikliniğine başvuran üçüncü trimesterdeki gebeler dâhil edildi. Literatür taranarak oluşturulan anket formunda sosyodemografik veri formu, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi, Doğum Tutum Ölçeği, Gebelik Stresini Değerlendirme Ölçeği bulunmaktadır. Anket katılımcılara yüz yüze uygulandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 244 gebe katıldı. Katılımcıların kötü uyku kalitesi %63,5 olarak bulundu. Nulliparite (p=0,032) ve canlı doğum öyküsünün olmaması (p=0,021) ile kötü uyku kalitesi arasında anlamlı ilişkili bulundu. Gebelik semptomlarının (bulantı-kusma, mide yanması, baş ağrısı, sık idrara çıkma, idrar kaçırma) uyku kalitesini olumsuz etkilediği görüldü (p<0,001). Düşük sosyal desteğin (p=0,037) ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyindeki değişimlerin uyku kalitesiyle anlamlı bir ilişkisi bulundu (p<0,001); özellikle aktivitesi azalan gebelerde kötü uyku kalitesi daha yaygındı. Gebelik stresinin uyku kalitesi üzerinde doğrudan anlamlı bir etkisi saptanırken (p<0,001), doğum korkusunun bu ilişkide anlamlı bir aracı rolü olduğu belirlendi (p<0,007). Sonuç: Üçüncü trimester gebelerde uyku kalitesinin yaygın olarak bozulduğu ve doğum öncesi stresin uyku kalitesini hem doğrudan etkilediği hem de doğum korkusu aracılığıyla dolaylı bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlendi. Birinci basamak gebelik takiplerinde psikososyal değerlendirme yöntemleri kullanılabilir ve doğum öncesi eğitimlere stres yönetimi ile uyku hijyeni konuları entegre edilebilir. Rutin taramalarla belirlenen risk gruplarına yönelik bireyselleştirilmiş danışmanlık hizmetleri sunulabilir.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the sleep quality of pregnant women in their third trimester and to investigate how fear of childbirth mediates the relationship between prenatal stress levels and sleep quality. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study included pregnant women in their third trimester who attended the obstetric outpatient clinic between November 2024 and May 2025. The questionnaire, developed based on a review of the existing literature, consisted of a sociodemographic data form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale-36 and the Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Results: A total of 244 pregnant women participated in the study. Poor sleep quality was observed in 63.5% of the participants. Factors such as nulliparity (p=0.032) and the absence of previous live births (p=0.021) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Additionally, pregnancy symptoms (nausea and vomiting, heartburn, headaches, frequent urination, and urinary incontinence) were found to negatively affect sleep quality (p<0.001). Low levels of social support (p=0.037) and changes in physical activity were also significantly associated with sleep quality (p<0.001); poor sleep quality was more prevalent among women with decreased physical activity. Furthermore, prenatal stress had a direct and significant effect on sleep quality (p<0.001) and fear of childbirth identified as a significant mediating factor in this relationship (p<0.007). Conclusion: Sleep quality is often compromised in women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Prenatal stress can directly and indirectly impact sleep, particularly through fears related to childbirth. Psychosocial assessments can be utilized in primary care settings and it is important to incorporate stress management and sleep hygiene into antenatal education. Additionally, individualized counseling may be provided to high-risk groups identified through routine screenings.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the sleep quality of pregnant women in their third trimester and to investigate how fear of childbirth mediates the relationship between prenatal stress levels and sleep quality. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study included pregnant women in their third trimester who attended the obstetric outpatient clinic between November 2024 and May 2025. The questionnaire, developed based on a review of the existing literature, consisted of a sociodemographic data form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale-36 and the Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Results: A total of 244 pregnant women participated in the study. Poor sleep quality was observed in 63.5% of the participants. Factors such as nulliparity (p=0.032) and the absence of previous live births (p=0.021) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Additionally, pregnancy symptoms (nausea and vomiting, heartburn, headaches, frequent urination, and urinary incontinence) were found to negatively affect sleep quality (p<0.001). Low levels of social support (p=0.037) and changes in physical activity were also significantly associated with sleep quality (p<0.001); poor sleep quality was more prevalent among women with decreased physical activity. Furthermore, prenatal stress had a direct and significant effect on sleep quality (p<0.001) and fear of childbirth identified as a significant mediating factor in this relationship (p<0.007). Conclusion: Sleep quality is often compromised in women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Prenatal stress can directly and indirectly impact sleep, particularly through fears related to childbirth. Psychosocial assessments can be utilized in primary care settings and it is important to incorporate stress management and sleep hygiene into antenatal education. Additionally, individualized counseling may be provided to high-risk groups identified through routine screenings.
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