Publication: Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde Domateste Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Lycopersici ve F. Oxysporum F. Sp. Radıcıs-lycopersici Etmenlerinin Patojenisitesi, Moleküler Tanısı ve Nit Mutantlarının Eldesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi domates üretim alanlarında bulunan, birbirinden morfolojik olarak ayırt edilemeyen Fusarium solgunluğu etmeni Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) ve Fusarium kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğü etmeni Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL)'nin yaygınlık ve şiddetinin belirlenmesi, moleküler yöntemler kullanılarak FOL (ırk 1, 2, 3) ve FORL izolatlarının birbirinden ayrılması, patojenisiteleri ve nit mutantlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Solgunluk ve kök, kökboğazı çürüklüğü hastalıklarının yaygınlığı ve şiddetinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan sürvey sonucunda solgunluk belirtisi en yaygın olarak Ordu ilinde (%11), en yüksek hastalık şiddeti ise yine Ordu ilinde (%3.3) gözlemlenmiştir. Kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğü hastalık belirtileri ise en yaygın olarak %52.3 ile Amasya ilinde görülürken, en yüksek hastalık şiddeti ise yine Amasya ilinde (%19.4) tespit edilmiştir. Sürvey yapılan alanlardan alınan hastalıklı bitki örneklerinden yapılan izolasyonlarda 121 FORL izolatı elde edilirken, izolatların 50'si (%41.3) Samsun ilinden bunu takiben 40'ı (%33.1) Tokat, 20'si (%16.5) Amasya, altısı (%5) Çorum ve beşi (%4.1) ise Ordu ilinden elde edilmiştir. Üç farklı ırkı bulunan FOL etmeninden ise toplam 27 izolat elde edilmiş olup Tokat'tan yedi ve Samsun'dan dört adet FOL-1 izolatı, Tokat'tan üç adet FOL-2 izolatı ve Tokat'tan beş, Samsun'dan dört, Amasya'dan üç ve Ordu'dan bir adette FOL-3 ırkına ait izolat elde edilmiştir. Çorum ilinden ise hiçbir FOL izolatı elde edilmemiştir. Böylece bölgemizde yaygın olarak bulunan ve hastalık şiddeti en yüksek olan alt türün FORL olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. FOL etmenine ait üç ırkın (1, 2, 3) da Orta Karadeniz bölgesinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan patojenisite testi sonucu elde edilen izolatlara ait değerlendirilen kriterler, kontrol ile önemli düzeyde farklılık göstermiştir (P<0.01). İzolatlar arasında da bitki gelişim parametreleri ile ilişkili olarak istatistiksel farklılıklar bulunduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca izolatlara ait skala değerleri ile bitki gelişim parametreleri arasında negatif bir ilişki belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen nit mutantlar fenotiplerine göre değerlendirildiğinde FOL için %74 (28) oranla nit1 bulunurken, bunu %24 (9) oranla NitM ve %2 (1) oranla nit3 takip etmiştir. FORL için ise %82 (123) oranla nit1 elde edilirken, bunu %15 (22) oranla NitM ve %3 (5) oranla nit3 izlemiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğü, Solgunluk, Bitki gelişimi, Patojenisite, Nit mutant.
In this study, it was aimed to determine prevalence and severity of Fusarium wilt agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and Fusarium root and crown rot agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp radicis-lycopersici (FORL) cannot be distinguished from each other morphologically in tomato production areas of Central Black Sea Region, distinguish between FOL (race 1, 2, 3) and FORL isolates using molecular methods, their pathogenicity and identification of nit mutants. As a result of the survey conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of wilt and root and crown rot diseases, wilt symptoms were most common in Ordu (11%), and the highest disease severity was observed in Ordu (3.3%). Root and crown rot disease symptoms were most common in Amasya with 52.3%, while the highest disease severity was found in Amasya (19.4%). While 121 FORL isolates were obtained from diseased plant samples taken from the surveyed areas, 50 (41.3%) of the isolates were from Samsun, followed by 40 (33.1%) Tokat, 20 (16.5%) Amasya, six (5%) Çorum and five. (4.1%) was obtained from the province of Ordu. A total of 27 isolates were obtained from the agent FOL with three different races, seven from Tokat and four FOL-1 isolates from Samsun, three FOL-2 isolates from Tokat and five from Tokat, four from Samsun, three from Amasya and one from Ordu isolates of the FOL-3 strain were obtained. FOL isolate was not obtained from Çorum province. Thus, it has been revealed that FORL is the most common subtype in our region and has the highest disease severity. It was determined that all three races (1, 2, 3) belonging to the FOL agents were in the Central Black Sea region. Evaluated criteria of the isolates obtained as a result of the pathogenicity test showed significant differences with the control (P<0.01). It was understood that there were statistical differences between the isolates in relation to plant growth parameters. In addition, a negative relationship was determined between the scale values of the isolates and plant growth parameters. When the nit mutants obtained were evaluated according to their phenotypes, nit1 was found at the rate of 74% (28) for FOL, followed by NitM at 24% (9) and nit3 at 2% (1). For FORL, nit1 was obtained with 82% (123), followed by NitM with 15% (22) and nit3 with 3% (5). Keywords: Root and crown rot, Wilt, Plant growth, Pathogenicity, Nit mutant
In this study, it was aimed to determine prevalence and severity of Fusarium wilt agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and Fusarium root and crown rot agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp radicis-lycopersici (FORL) cannot be distinguished from each other morphologically in tomato production areas of Central Black Sea Region, distinguish between FOL (race 1, 2, 3) and FORL isolates using molecular methods, their pathogenicity and identification of nit mutants. As a result of the survey conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of wilt and root and crown rot diseases, wilt symptoms were most common in Ordu (11%), and the highest disease severity was observed in Ordu (3.3%). Root and crown rot disease symptoms were most common in Amasya with 52.3%, while the highest disease severity was found in Amasya (19.4%). While 121 FORL isolates were obtained from diseased plant samples taken from the surveyed areas, 50 (41.3%) of the isolates were from Samsun, followed by 40 (33.1%) Tokat, 20 (16.5%) Amasya, six (5%) Çorum and five. (4.1%) was obtained from the province of Ordu. A total of 27 isolates were obtained from the agent FOL with three different races, seven from Tokat and four FOL-1 isolates from Samsun, three FOL-2 isolates from Tokat and five from Tokat, four from Samsun, three from Amasya and one from Ordu isolates of the FOL-3 strain were obtained. FOL isolate was not obtained from Çorum province. Thus, it has been revealed that FORL is the most common subtype in our region and has the highest disease severity. It was determined that all three races (1, 2, 3) belonging to the FOL agents were in the Central Black Sea region. Evaluated criteria of the isolates obtained as a result of the pathogenicity test showed significant differences with the control (P<0.01). It was understood that there were statistical differences between the isolates in relation to plant growth parameters. In addition, a negative relationship was determined between the scale values of the isolates and plant growth parameters. When the nit mutants obtained were evaluated according to their phenotypes, nit1 was found at the rate of 74% (28) for FOL, followed by NitM at 24% (9) and nit3 at 2% (1). For FORL, nit1 was obtained with 82% (123), followed by NitM with 15% (22) and nit3 with 3% (5). Keywords: Root and crown rot, Wilt, Plant growth, Pathogenicity, Nit mutant
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