Publication: Reaktif Bariyer Sistemiyle Yeraltı Suyundan Ardışık Nitrat Giderimi için Denitrifikasyon ve Adsorpsiyon Süreçlerinin Beraber Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Yeraltı suyu, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerindeki milyonlarca insan için içme suyunun ana kaynağı olarak kabul edilmektedir (Sajil Kumar, 2017; Yadav ve diğerleri, 2018). Yeraltı sularındaki nitrat, tarımda aşırı azotlu gübre ve hayvan gübresi kullanımı, kentsel ve endüstriyel atık suların uygunsuz bertarafı ve atmosferik azot birikimi dahil olmak üzere, insan kaynaklı nedenlerden dolayı giderek artmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, denitrifikasyon ve adsorpsiyon işlemlerini ardışık kullanarak yeraltı sularındaki nitrat konsantrasyonunu Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) ve Avrupa Birliği tarafından belirlenen içme suyu kaynaklarında nitrat limitinin altına düşürmektir. Çalışmada, yukarı akışlı tasarlanan kolonlar kullnılarak nitrat uzaklaştırma da mikroorganizmaların ve adsorban maddenin rolü ve etkisi araştırılmıştır. Kolonlarda kullanılan organik maddeler yerfıstığı kabuğu, kabak lifi ve kestane kabuğu'dur. Adsorpsiyon işlemi için aktive edilmiş karbonlar (AC'ler) kullanılarak sulu çözeltide nitrat iyonlarının uzaklaştırılması incelenmiştir. 139 gün boyunca yukarı akış hızı 4 mL/saat olan dokuz şeffaf akrilik kolon (R=4 cm, L=50 cm) kullanılmıştır. Kolonlara pompalanan yeraltı suyunda ortalama 30,5 mg/L nitrat seviyesindedir. Kolonların çıkışındaki nitrat seviyeleri belirli periyotlarla ölçülmüştür. Nitrat seviyelerinde farklı oranlarda düşüşler gözlemlenmiştir. En yüksek verim alınan kum-lif kolonunda nitratın %97'sini, aktif karbon bulunan kolonlarda ise nitratın yaklaşık %99'u uzaklaştırılmıştır. Deney sonlarına yaklaştıkça kolonlrda nitrat seviyelerinde artış gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum; aktif karbonlu kolonlar için adsorban kapsitesinin dolduğu organik maddeli kolonlar için ise karbon salınımın azaldığı şeklinde yorumlanmıştır.
Groundwater is recognized as the main source of drinking water for millions of people in arid and semi-arid regions of developing countries (Sajil Kumar, 2017; Yadav et al., 2018). Nitrates in groundwater have been steadily increasing due to anthropogenic causes, including excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer and animal manure in agriculture, improper disposal of urban and industrial wastewater, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. The aim of this study is to reduce the nitrate concentration in groundwater to below the nitrate limit in drinking water sources determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union, using sequential denitrification and adsorption processes. In the study, the role and effect of microorganisms and adsorbent material on nitrate removal using upstream designed columns were investigated. Organic substances used in columns are peanut shell, pumpkin fiber and chestnuts. The removal of nitrate ions in the aqueous solution using activated carbon (ACs) for adsorption. Nine clear acrylic columns (R=4 cm, L=50 cm) with an upflow rate of 4 mL/hr were used for 139 days. It is an average of 30.5 mg / l nitrate in the groundwater pumped to the columns. Nitrate levels at the exit of the columns were measured at certain periods. Decreases at different rates were observed in nitrate levels. In the sand-fiber column with the highest efficiency, 97% of the nitrate was removed, and in the columns with activated carbon, about 99% of the nitrate was removed. As the end of the experiment approached, an increase in nitrate levels was observed in the columns. This situation; It has been interpreted that the adsorbent capacity is filled for columns with activated carbon and carbon emission is reduced for columns with organic matter.
Groundwater is recognized as the main source of drinking water for millions of people in arid and semi-arid regions of developing countries (Sajil Kumar, 2017; Yadav et al., 2018). Nitrates in groundwater have been steadily increasing due to anthropogenic causes, including excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer and animal manure in agriculture, improper disposal of urban and industrial wastewater, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. The aim of this study is to reduce the nitrate concentration in groundwater to below the nitrate limit in drinking water sources determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union, using sequential denitrification and adsorption processes. In the study, the role and effect of microorganisms and adsorbent material on nitrate removal using upstream designed columns were investigated. Organic substances used in columns are peanut shell, pumpkin fiber and chestnuts. The removal of nitrate ions in the aqueous solution using activated carbon (ACs) for adsorption. Nine clear acrylic columns (R=4 cm, L=50 cm) with an upflow rate of 4 mL/hr were used for 139 days. It is an average of 30.5 mg / l nitrate in the groundwater pumped to the columns. Nitrate levels at the exit of the columns were measured at certain periods. Decreases at different rates were observed in nitrate levels. In the sand-fiber column with the highest efficiency, 97% of the nitrate was removed, and in the columns with activated carbon, about 99% of the nitrate was removed. As the end of the experiment approached, an increase in nitrate levels was observed in the columns. This situation; It has been interpreted that the adsorbent capacity is filled for columns with activated carbon and carbon emission is reduced for columns with organic matter.
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