Publication: Değişim ve Dönüşüm Sürecinde Kavak İlçesi Halk Kültürü Aktarımı
Abstract
Bir toplumun hayata bakışı, maddi ve manevi değerlerinin tamamı kültür kavramıyla ifade edilir. Kültür, bir milletin ayakta kalmasını sağlayan en önemli değerlerden biridir. Ancak küreselleşen dünyada göç, kentleşme ve teknolojik gelişmeler gibi faktörler kültürün değişmesine neden olmaktadır. Bazı kültür değerleri değişim ve dönüşüme uğrarken bazıları tamamen ortadan kalkmaktadır. İşte kültürel değerlerin ortadan kalkmasını engellemek ve değişimin kültürel yapıya zarar vermeden gerçekleşmesini sağlamak için bazı önlemler alınması gerekir. Kavak ilçesi de kültürel değişimden etkilenmektedir. Bu bakımdan Kavak ilçesi ve köylerine ait halk bilimi unsurlarının derlenmesi, sınıflandırılması, ilçe ve köylerinden Samsun il merkezine uzanan süreçte değişimin tespit edilmesi; Kavak ve köyleri ile şehir merkezinde kültür aktarımının nasıl gerçekleştiği bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın kapsamı Kavak ilçesi, köyleri ve Samsun il merkeziyle sınırlandırılmıştır. Kavak ilçesi ve köylerine ait kültürel değerleri tespit etmek, bu değerleri gelecek kuşaklara aktarmanın nasıl gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymak, kültürel değişimin nasıl bir seyir izlediğini göstermek bu çalışmanın temel amaçlarını oluşturur. Ayrıca bu çalışma, halk kültürünü korumada derleme aşamasından, uygulayarak koruma ve yaşatma aşamasına geçildiğini göstermesi açısından da önemlidir. Çalışmada yer alan halk bilimi unsurlarının sınıflandırılması yapılırken Sedat Veyis Örnek'in halk biliminin konuları için yaptığı 25 maddelik tasnif çalışması başta olmak üzere çeşitli kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır. Derlenen malzemelerin zamanı belirlenirken Kavak ilçesinin son yüz yılı esas alınmıştır. Ancak 19. yüzyıl Kavak kültürüyle ilgili malzemelere de kaynak bulundukça yer yer değinilmiştir. Çalışmamızda alan araştırma metodu bağlamında gözlem ve görüşme teknikleri kullanılmıştır. İlçeyle ilgili daha önce yapılmış araştırma ve yazılı kaynaklardan da yararlanılmıştır. Halk kültürüyle ilgili kimi uygulamalar yöreye gidilerek bağlamında gözlemlenmiştir. Gözlem ve görüşmelerde ses kayıt cihazı, fotoğraf makinesi, cep telefonu ve kamera kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Kavak ilçesinin kültürel değerler bakımından zengin olduğu, bu değerlerin özellikle şehirleşme sürecinde hızlı bir değişim ve dönüşüm geçirdiği, derneklerin şehir merkezinde kültürün korunması bağlamında önemli işlevler üstlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kavak, halk kültürü, değişim ve dönüşüm, kültür aktarımı, süreklilik
The approach of a society to life, and the whole of its material and spiritual values are expressed in the concept of culture. The culture is one of the most important values that keep a nation standing up. But in a globalizing world, factors such as migration, urbanization, and technological developments cause changes in the culture. While some cultural values undergo changes and transformations, some are fully lost. In order to prevent the absolute loss of the cultural values and to make the change happen without doing harm to the cultural structure, some measures are needed. Kavak County is affected by the cultural change, too. So, collecting, and classifying the folkloric facts which belong to Kavak County and its villages; detecting the change in the process from the country and its villages to Samsun province center; and how the cultural transmission occurred in Kavak and its villages, and in the province center, all make up the objective of this study. The context of the research was limited to Kavak County, its villages, and Samsun province center. To detect the cultural values that belong to Kavak County and its villages, to determine how the transmission of such values to future generations take place, and to demonstrate what kind of a progress the cultural change goes through, make the basic objectives of this study. This study is also important in terms of showing that collecting phase in preserving the folk culture by practicing is transited to spread and survive it. In the classification of folkloric elements that took place in the study, care was paid to various sources including and not limited to 25 issue classification study for the folkloric matters by Sedat Veyis Örnek. While determining the time of the material collected, last a hundred years of Kavak County was accepted as the base. But, the sources also were mentioned, when they were occasionally found for the material related with the 19th century Kavak's culture. In the context of field research study method, observation and interview technics were used. We also made use of the former researches and written sources regarding the county. Some practices about the folk culture were observed in the natural context by visit to their locations. Voice recorder, photo apparatus, cell phone and camera were used during observations and interviews. At the end of the study, it was detected that Kavak County is rich in terms of cultural values, such values are going through a fast change and transformation especially during the urbanization process, and the citizen associations assume important functions regarding the preservation of the culture in the city center. Key Words: Kavak, folk culture, change and transformation, transfer of culture, continuation.
The approach of a society to life, and the whole of its material and spiritual values are expressed in the concept of culture. The culture is one of the most important values that keep a nation standing up. But in a globalizing world, factors such as migration, urbanization, and technological developments cause changes in the culture. While some cultural values undergo changes and transformations, some are fully lost. In order to prevent the absolute loss of the cultural values and to make the change happen without doing harm to the cultural structure, some measures are needed. Kavak County is affected by the cultural change, too. So, collecting, and classifying the folkloric facts which belong to Kavak County and its villages; detecting the change in the process from the country and its villages to Samsun province center; and how the cultural transmission occurred in Kavak and its villages, and in the province center, all make up the objective of this study. The context of the research was limited to Kavak County, its villages, and Samsun province center. To detect the cultural values that belong to Kavak County and its villages, to determine how the transmission of such values to future generations take place, and to demonstrate what kind of a progress the cultural change goes through, make the basic objectives of this study. This study is also important in terms of showing that collecting phase in preserving the folk culture by practicing is transited to spread and survive it. In the classification of folkloric elements that took place in the study, care was paid to various sources including and not limited to 25 issue classification study for the folkloric matters by Sedat Veyis Örnek. While determining the time of the material collected, last a hundred years of Kavak County was accepted as the base. But, the sources also were mentioned, when they were occasionally found for the material related with the 19th century Kavak's culture. In the context of field research study method, observation and interview technics were used. We also made use of the former researches and written sources regarding the county. Some practices about the folk culture were observed in the natural context by visit to their locations. Voice recorder, photo apparatus, cell phone and camera were used during observations and interviews. At the end of the study, it was detected that Kavak County is rich in terms of cultural values, such values are going through a fast change and transformation especially during the urbanization process, and the citizen associations assume important functions regarding the preservation of the culture in the city center. Key Words: Kavak, folk culture, change and transformation, transfer of culture, continuation.
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