Publication: Adet Döngüsü Fazlarının Besin Tercihi, Besin Alımı ve Antropometrik Ölçümlere Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada kadınlarda adet döngüsü fazlarının besin tercihi, besin alımı ve antropometrik ölçümlere etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışma tasarımı aşağıda verilmiştir. Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, Kasım 2024-Şubat 2025 tarihleri arasında, Samsun'da katılımcılarla yüz yüze görüşülerek yapılmıştır (n=23). Veriler için anket formuyla, bireylerin genel özellikleri ve adet geçmişlerine ilişkin sorular çalışmanın başında bir kez kaydedilmiştir. Antropometrik ölçümler, besin tercihi ölçeği, yeme arzusu ölçeği, görsel analog skalası ve 24 saatlik besin tüketim kaydı adet döngüsünün iki farklı fazında (adet döngüsünün 5.-9. günleri arasında; FF ve adet döngüsünün 20.-25. günleri arasında; LF) iki defa kaydedilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi (BeBiS) 7 ve SPSS 26.0 paket programı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan kadınların yaş ortalaması 24,65±3,54 yıldır. Adet döngüsü süresi 28,04±1,58 gündür. Kanama uzunluğu ortalama 5,35±1,46 gündür. Katılımcıların antropometrik ölçümleri arasında fazlara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). 'Besin tercihi anketi' alt boyutlarından aldıkları ortalama puanlar sağlık, ulaşılabilirlik, doğal içerik, fiyat, etik alt boyut puanları LF'de FF'ye göre daha yüksek saptanmıştır (p<0,05). 'Yeme arzusu ölçeği' alt boyutlarından aldıkları ortalama puanlar olumlu pekiştirme, yeme kontrol kaybı, uyaranlar, toplam alt boyut puanları FF'de LF'ye göre daha yüksek saptanmıştır (p<0,05). 'Görsel analog skalası' ölçeğinden aldıkları ortalama puanlar çikolata ve çikolatalı ürünlere duyulan istek, kremalı pastane ve pasta ürünlerine duyulan istek ve cips, kızartmalara duyulan yeme isteği FF'de LF'ye göre daha yüksek saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Fazlar arasında günlük protein alım yüzdeleri arasındaki fark FF'de %12,57±3,50, LF'de %14,48±3,44 göre düşük bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Günlük posa alımı LF'de FF'ye göre yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Günlük A vitamini LF'de FF'ye göre yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Fazlar arasında C vitamini alımları arasındaki fark LF'de FF'ye göre yüksektir (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak adet döngüsü fazları arasında vücut bileşimleri benzerdir. Bununla birlikte döngü fazları arasında özellikle tatlı ve yüksek enerjili besinlere duyulan istek değişiklik göstermektedir. Yeme arzusu ve besin tercihinde de fazlar arasında farklar bulunmuştur. Besin tercihlerinin adet döngüsü fazlarından etkilenebileceği görülmüştür. Bu nedenle bu süreçteki tutumların göz önüne alınarak beslenme programı hazırlamak faydalı olacaktır.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of menstrual cycle phases on food preferences, food intake, and anthropometric measurements in women. In this context, the study design is given below. This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2024 and February 2025, with face-to-face interviews with participants (n=23) in Samsun. Data were collected using a questionnaire form, with questions regarding the participants' general characteristics and menstrual history recorded once at the beginning of the study. Anthropometric measurements, including a food preference scale, food cravings scale, visual analog scale, and a 24-hour food consumption record, were recorded twice in two different phases of the menstrual cycle (between days 5-9 of the menstrual cycle; FF and between days 20-25 of the menstrual cycle; LF). The obtained data were analyzed using the Nutrition Information System (BeBiS) 7 and SPSS 26.0 package programs. The mean age of the participating women was 24.65±3.54 years. The menstrual cycle duration was 28.04±1.58 days. The average bleeding length was 5.35±1.46 days. No statistically significant difference was found between the participants' anthropometric measurements by phase (p>0.05). The mean scores from the 'Food Preference Questionnaire' subscales of health, accessibility, natural content, price, and ethics were found to be higher in the LF than in the FF (p<0.05). The mean scores from the 'Food Desire Scale' subscales of positive reinforcement, loss of control over eating, stimuli, and total subscales were found to be higher in the FF than in the LF (p<0.05). The mean scores from the 'Visual Analog Scale' scale for cravings for chocolate and chocolate products, cravings for creamy patisserie and pastry products, and cravings for chips and fried foods were found to be higher in the FF than in the LF (p<0.05). The difference in daily protein intake percentages between phases was found to be lower in the FF group (12.57±3.50%) and 14.48±3.44% in the LF group (p<0.05). Daily fiber intake was found to be higher in the LF group than in the FF group (p<0.05). Daily vitamin A intake was found to be higher in the LF group than in the FF group (p<0.05). The difference in vitamin C intake between phases was higher in the LF group than in the FF group (p<0.05). In conclusion, body compositions are similar between the menstrual cycle phases. However, cravings, especially for sweet and high-energy foods, vary between cycle phases. Differences in food cravings and food preferences were also found between the phases. It has been observed that food preferences can be influenced by the menstrual cycle phases. Therefore, it would be beneficial to develop a nutrition program considering attitudes during this period.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of menstrual cycle phases on food preferences, food intake, and anthropometric measurements in women. In this context, the study design is given below. This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2024 and February 2025, with face-to-face interviews with participants (n=23) in Samsun. Data were collected using a questionnaire form, with questions regarding the participants' general characteristics and menstrual history recorded once at the beginning of the study. Anthropometric measurements, including a food preference scale, food cravings scale, visual analog scale, and a 24-hour food consumption record, were recorded twice in two different phases of the menstrual cycle (between days 5-9 of the menstrual cycle; FF and between days 20-25 of the menstrual cycle; LF). The obtained data were analyzed using the Nutrition Information System (BeBiS) 7 and SPSS 26.0 package programs. The mean age of the participating women was 24.65±3.54 years. The menstrual cycle duration was 28.04±1.58 days. The average bleeding length was 5.35±1.46 days. No statistically significant difference was found between the participants' anthropometric measurements by phase (p>0.05). The mean scores from the 'Food Preference Questionnaire' subscales of health, accessibility, natural content, price, and ethics were found to be higher in the LF than in the FF (p<0.05). The mean scores from the 'Food Desire Scale' subscales of positive reinforcement, loss of control over eating, stimuli, and total subscales were found to be higher in the FF than in the LF (p<0.05). The mean scores from the 'Visual Analog Scale' scale for cravings for chocolate and chocolate products, cravings for creamy patisserie and pastry products, and cravings for chips and fried foods were found to be higher in the FF than in the LF (p<0.05). The difference in daily protein intake percentages between phases was found to be lower in the FF group (12.57±3.50%) and 14.48±3.44% in the LF group (p<0.05). Daily fiber intake was found to be higher in the LF group than in the FF group (p<0.05). Daily vitamin A intake was found to be higher in the LF group than in the FF group (p<0.05). The difference in vitamin C intake between phases was higher in the LF group than in the FF group (p<0.05). In conclusion, body compositions are similar between the menstrual cycle phases. However, cravings, especially for sweet and high-energy foods, vary between cycle phases. Differences in food cravings and food preferences were also found between the phases. It has been observed that food preferences can be influenced by the menstrual cycle phases. Therefore, it would be beneficial to develop a nutrition program considering attitudes during this period.
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