Publication: Nr Br (Doğal Kauçuk
Abstract
Kauçuk içerikli parçaların mekanik özellikleri ve ömürleri, üretim yöntem ve parametreleri ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada enjeksiyon kalıplama yöntemi ile üretilen NR/BR karışımı elastomerlerin mekanik özelliklerinin, bilgisayar destekli kalıplama simülasyonu kullanılarak eniyilemesi amaçlanmıştır. Üretimde kullanılan kalıp geometrisi, enjeksiyon basıncı, vulkanizasyon sıcaklığı gibi değişkenler, nihai ürünün mekanik özelliklerini belirleyen parametrelerdir. Seri üretimde kullanılan çok gözlü kalıpların farklı gözlerinden alınan ürünlerin mekanik özellikleri de birbirinden farklı olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, üretimde kullanılacak kalıp geometrisinin tasarımını da içerecek şekilde enjeksiyon basıncı ve vulkanizasyon sıcaklığı gibi parametrelerin ürünün mekanik özellikleri üzerindeki etkisini gösterebilecek bir yazılım kullanılması hedeflenmiştir. Sigmasoft yazılımı kullanılarak yapılan bu çalışmada; vulkanizasyon süresi, kauçuk karışımının viskozitesi ve termal iletkenlik değerleri programa girdi verisi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Yapılan ön denemelerde, hatalı tasarlanan kalıp nedeniyle, çok gözlü kalıbın bazı gözlerinde dolumun tamamı ile gerçekleşmediği ve vulkanizasyon oranlarının farklı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle simülasyon yöntemi kullanılarak kalıp geometrisi ve vulkanizasyon parametreleri üzerinde eniyileme çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Simülasyon tekrarlanarak kalıp gözlerinde eşit vulkanizasyon sağlanmıştır. Daha sonra bu simülasyon verileri kullanılarak yeni kalıp tasarımı yapılmıştır. Hazırlanan kalıp ile seri üretim yapılmış üretilen ürün üzerinden numuneler alınarak DMA deneyleri tekrarlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmış ve hedef değerlerin her bir kalıp gözü için elde edilebildiği ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmada kullanılan bilgisayar destekli üretim ile ilgili süreçteki eniyi parametreler bilgisayar ortamında belirlenmiş, hammadde israfı önlenmiş, ayrıca üretim için harcanan zaman ve maliyette azaltılmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Elastomer, NR/BR, Simülasyon, Kalıp, Vulkanizasyon
The mechanical properties and lifetimes of rubber-containing parts are directly related to the production method. In addition, some parameters such as the mold geometry, injection pressure, vulcanization temperature used in production are the main factors affecting the mechanical properties of the final product. Depending on the number and shape of the parts to be produced, single-cavity or multi-cavity molds can be preferred. However, the mechanical properties of the products taken from the different cavities of the multi-cavity molds especially used in mass production may also differ from each other. In this study, it is aimed to optimize the mechanical properties of NR / BR mixed elastomers produced by the injection molding method by using computer-aided molding simulation. Starting from the design of the mold geometry to be used in production, it is aimed to use software that can show the effects of parameters such as injection pressure and vulcanization temperature on the mechanical properties of the product. The optimum conditions were determined by using Sigmasoft simulation method. The vulcanization time, viscosity, and thermal conductivity values of the rubber blended previously determined were defined as input data in the software. Due to the incorrectly designed mold in the preliminary trials, the filling speed and vulcanization time in each cavity of the multi-cavity mold were determined to be different. For this reason, optimization studies were performed on mold geometry and vulcanization parameters by using Sigmasoft simulation software. The equal vulcanization was achieved in all mold cavities by repeating the simulation. Then mass production was made using these simulation data. DMA experiments were repeated by taking samples from different mold cavities of the final product. By comparing the results, it was determined that the mechanical properties of all parts obtained from mass production are homogeneous. Thanks to the computer-aided manufacturing used in this study, raw-material wastage was prevented. Furthermore, the time and cost spent on production have been reduced. Keywords: Elastomer, NR/BR, Simulation, Mold, Vulcanization
The mechanical properties and lifetimes of rubber-containing parts are directly related to the production method. In addition, some parameters such as the mold geometry, injection pressure, vulcanization temperature used in production are the main factors affecting the mechanical properties of the final product. Depending on the number and shape of the parts to be produced, single-cavity or multi-cavity molds can be preferred. However, the mechanical properties of the products taken from the different cavities of the multi-cavity molds especially used in mass production may also differ from each other. In this study, it is aimed to optimize the mechanical properties of NR / BR mixed elastomers produced by the injection molding method by using computer-aided molding simulation. Starting from the design of the mold geometry to be used in production, it is aimed to use software that can show the effects of parameters such as injection pressure and vulcanization temperature on the mechanical properties of the product. The optimum conditions were determined by using Sigmasoft simulation method. The vulcanization time, viscosity, and thermal conductivity values of the rubber blended previously determined were defined as input data in the software. Due to the incorrectly designed mold in the preliminary trials, the filling speed and vulcanization time in each cavity of the multi-cavity mold were determined to be different. For this reason, optimization studies were performed on mold geometry and vulcanization parameters by using Sigmasoft simulation software. The equal vulcanization was achieved in all mold cavities by repeating the simulation. Then mass production was made using these simulation data. DMA experiments were repeated by taking samples from different mold cavities of the final product. By comparing the results, it was determined that the mechanical properties of all parts obtained from mass production are homogeneous. Thanks to the computer-aided manufacturing used in this study, raw-material wastage was prevented. Furthermore, the time and cost spent on production have been reduced. Keywords: Elastomer, NR/BR, Simulation, Mold, Vulcanization
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