Publication: Finansal Sosyalizasyon Sürecinin Sağlıklı Finansal Davranış Üzerindeki Rolü: Samsun İlinde Bir Uygulama
Abstract
Finansal sosyalizasyon medya, okul, din, arkadaş aile vb. Çeşitli araçlar ile kişilerin finansal davranışlarını, tutumlarını, becerilerini ve bilgilerini şekillendirme süreci olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu süreç genellikle erken yaşlarda aile ile birlikte başlamaktadır. Erken yaşlarda edinilen finansal deneyimler yaşam boyu devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle bireylerin sağlıklı bir finansal sosyalleşme süreci geçirmesi sağlıklı finansal davranış ve finansal tutumlar açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu kapsam doğrultusunda araştırmamızın amacı, lise öğrencilerinde sağlıklı finansal davranışa giden yollarda finansal sosyalizasyon süreçlerinin ve finansal bilgilerin sağlıklı finansal davranış üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Bunun yanında katılımcıların sosyodemografik özelliklerinin sağlıklı finansal davranış ve ebeveyn finansal rol modellemesi üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek gibi alt amaçlar da mevcuttur. Araştırmanın örneklemi Samsun ilinde öğrenim gören meslek liseleri, Anadolu liseleri, imamhatip liseleri ve fen liselerinin 11 ve 12'nci sınıflarında öğrenim gören lise öğrencileridir. Tesadüfi örneklem yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Anket 721 lise öğrencisine yüz yüze olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Ankete katılanların 322'si erkek 399'u bayandır. Araştırmamızda iki tür analiz yapılmıştır. Birinci analizde demografik özelliklerin test edilmesinde bağımsız örneklem T testi ve One Way Anova (tek yönlü varyans analizi) testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. İkinci analizde ise araştırmada kullanılan ölçeklerin arasındaki yapısal ilişkiler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (YEM) ile test edilmiştir.Yapısal eşitlik modeli sonuçlarına göre öğrencilerin sağlıklı finansal davranış sergilemelerinde ailelerinin etkisinin önemli ölçüde yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan öğrencilerin ölçülen demografik özelliklerinin ailelerini finansal konularda rol model almalarında ve sağlıklı finansal davranış sergileyebilmelerinde etkisi incelenmiş ve anlamlı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Sağlıklı finansal davranış sergileyebilme açısından kızlar ve erkekler arasında anlamlı fark vardır. Yine ebeveynlerin eğitim durumları ve öğrenim görülen lisenin türü ile ebeveyn finansal rol modellemesi ve sağlıklı finansal davranış arasında anlamlı farklar bulunmuştur. Bir diğer sonuçta ailenin gelir aralığı ile ebeveyn finansal rol modellemesi arasında anlamlı fark çıkmıştır. Anlamlı farkların hangi gruplardan kaynaklandığını ölçmek için Bonferonni ve Tukey testleri yapılmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Finansal Sosyalizasyon, Finansal Okuryazarlık, Finansal Sosyalizasyon Süreci, Finansal Davranış, Finansal Eğitim
Financial socialisation is defined as the process of shaping people's financial behaviours, attitudes, skills and knowledge through various means such as media, school, religion, friends, family, etc. This process usually starts with the family at an early age. Financial experiences acquired at an early age continue throughout life. Therefore, it is important for individuals to undergo a healthy financial socialisation process in terms of healthy financial behaviour and financial attitudes. In line with this scope, the aim of our research is to determine the effects of financial socialisation processes and financial information on healthy financial behaviour in high school students on the path to healthy financial behaviour. In addition, there are also sub-objectives such as determining the effects of participants' sociodemographic characteristics on healthy financial behaviour and parental financial role modelling. The sample of the study consists of high school students studying in the 11th and 12th grades of vocational high schools, Anatolian high schools, imamhatip high schools and science high schools in Samsun province. Random sampling method was used. The questionnaire was applied to 721 high school students face to face. Of the respondents, 322 were male and 399 were female. Two types of analyses were conducted in our research. In the first analysis, independent sample T test and One Way ANOVA (one-way analysis of variance) tests were used to test demographic characteristics. In the second analysis, the structural relationships between the scales used in the research were tested with structural equation modelling (SEM). According to the results of the structural equation model, it was seen that the influence of families on students' healthy financial behaviour was significantly high. On the other hand, the effect of the measured demographic characteristics of the students on taking their families as role models in financial matters and exhibiting healthy financial behaviour was examined and significant results were obtained. There is a significant difference between girls and boys in terms of exhibiting healthy financial behaviour. Again, significant differences were found between the educational level of the parents and the type of high school attended and parental financial role modelling and healthy financial behaviour. In another result, there was a significant difference between the income range of the family and parental financial role modelling. Bonferonni and Tukey tests were conducted to measure the groups from which the significant differences originated. Keywords: Financial Socialization, Financial Literacy, Financial Socialization Process, Financial Behavior, Financial Education
Financial socialisation is defined as the process of shaping people's financial behaviours, attitudes, skills and knowledge through various means such as media, school, religion, friends, family, etc. This process usually starts with the family at an early age. Financial experiences acquired at an early age continue throughout life. Therefore, it is important for individuals to undergo a healthy financial socialisation process in terms of healthy financial behaviour and financial attitudes. In line with this scope, the aim of our research is to determine the effects of financial socialisation processes and financial information on healthy financial behaviour in high school students on the path to healthy financial behaviour. In addition, there are also sub-objectives such as determining the effects of participants' sociodemographic characteristics on healthy financial behaviour and parental financial role modelling. The sample of the study consists of high school students studying in the 11th and 12th grades of vocational high schools, Anatolian high schools, imamhatip high schools and science high schools in Samsun province. Random sampling method was used. The questionnaire was applied to 721 high school students face to face. Of the respondents, 322 were male and 399 were female. Two types of analyses were conducted in our research. In the first analysis, independent sample T test and One Way ANOVA (one-way analysis of variance) tests were used to test demographic characteristics. In the second analysis, the structural relationships between the scales used in the research were tested with structural equation modelling (SEM). According to the results of the structural equation model, it was seen that the influence of families on students' healthy financial behaviour was significantly high. On the other hand, the effect of the measured demographic characteristics of the students on taking their families as role models in financial matters and exhibiting healthy financial behaviour was examined and significant results were obtained. There is a significant difference between girls and boys in terms of exhibiting healthy financial behaviour. Again, significant differences were found between the educational level of the parents and the type of high school attended and parental financial role modelling and healthy financial behaviour. In another result, there was a significant difference between the income range of the family and parental financial role modelling. Bonferonni and Tukey tests were conducted to measure the groups from which the significant differences originated. Keywords: Financial Socialization, Financial Literacy, Financial Socialization Process, Financial Behavior, Financial Education
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