Publication: Rektum Kanserinde Nükse Etki Eden Faktörler
Abstract
Rektum kanseri 2020 itibariyle küresel kanser insidansının %10'unu ve kanser ölümlerinin %9.4'ünü oluşturmaktadır. Tedavi yöntemlerindeki gelişmelere rağmen nüks hala önemli bir sorundur. Bu çalışmada merkezimizde belli tarih aralığında rektum kanseri tanısıyla ameliyat edilen hastaların post-op 5 yıl içinde nüks durumunu ve buna etkili faktörleri araştırdık. Ortaya çıkan risk faktörlerinin merkezimizdeki sonuçlarını ortaya koyarak nüks oranını azaltmayı amaçladık. Hastalar ve Yöntem Hastanemizde Ocak 2013'ten Aralık 2017'ye kadar rektum kanseri tanısıyla ameliyat edilen 190 hastanın bilgileri elektronik kayıtlardan, dosyalardan ve hasta ve yakınlarıyla görüşülerek kaydedildi. Elde edilen bilgiler ameliyat sonrası 5 yıl içinde nüks gelişen ve gelişmeyen hastalar arasında kıyaslandı ve istatistiksel olarak sonuçlar incelendi. Aralarında anlamlı fark oluşan ve oluşmayan verilere univaryant ve multivaryant analiz uygulanarak risk faktörleri ortaya konmaya çalışıldı. Bulgular Nüks oranı 5 yıl içinde %37.8 ortalama nüks süresi 86.5 hafta idi. Yaş, cinsiyet, Beden kitle indeksi (VKİ), sigara kullanımı, Amerikan Anestezistler Derneği fiziksel durum sınıflandırma sistemi (ASA) skoru'nun nükse etkisi görülmedi. Tanıdaki kanser evresi, lateral pelvik lenf nodu tutulumunun nükse anlamlı etkisi vardı. Ameliyat türü ve operasyonun acil-elektif olması durumunda nüks açısından fark görülmedi. Ameliyatta malign nedenlerle ek cerrahi girişim uygulanması nükse etkili olarak bulundu. Cerrahi sınır pozitifliği, grade, tümörün patolojik evresi, invazyon durumları, neoadjuvan tedavi yanıtı, çıkarılan metastatik lenf nodu sayısı ve oranı nüks açısından anlamlı fark oluşturduğu saptandı. Multivaryant analiz sonucunda risk faktörlerinin distal cerrahi sınır pozitifliği, metastatik lenf nodu oranı (LNR) 0.2 ve üzerinde olması, ek kanser varlığı, preop evre IV hastalık, perinöral invazyon (PNİ) varlığı olduğu görüldü. Tartışma ve Sonuç Sonuç olarak merkezimizdeki çalışma yapıldığı dönemdeki nüks sonuçlarının ve nükse etki eden faktörlerin literatür ile benzer olduğu görüldü. Hastaların seçildiği dönemde neoadjuvan tedavi lokal ileri rektum kanserinde rutin uygulamaya başlanan dönemi ve laparoskopik operasyonların yeni başladığı dönemi içerdiğinden bulunan risk faktörlerin özellikle bu iki hasta grubunun ileriki yıllardaki sonuçları da katarak incelenmesi ile nüks oranını azaltacağını düşünüyoruz. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: rektum kanserinde cerrahi, nüks rektum kanseri
Rectal cancer accounts for 10% of global cancer incidence and 9.4% of cancer deaths as of 2020. Despite advances in treatment methods, relapse is still an important problem. In this study, we investigated the recurrence rate of patients who underwent surgery with a diagnosis of rectal cancer within a certain date range in our center and the factors affecting this in the post-operative period within 5 years. We aimed to reduce the relapse rate by revealing the consequences of emerging risk factors in our center. Patıents and Methods The information of 190 patients who underwent surgery with the diagnosis of rectal cancer in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2017 was recorded from electronic records, files and by interviewing the patients and their relatives. The information obtained was compared between patients who developed recurrence within 5 years after surgery and those who did not, and the results were analyzed statistically. Risk factors were tried to be revealed by applying univariate and multivariate analysis to the data with and without significant differences. Results The recurrence rate was 37.8% within 5 years and the average recurrence time was 86.5 weeks. Age, gender, BMI, smoking, and ASA score had no effect on recurrence. Cancer stage at diagnosis and lateral pelvic lymph node involvement had a significant impact on recurrence. There was no difference in terms of recurrence depending on the type of surgery and whether the operation was urgent or elective. Additional surgical intervention for malignant reasons was found to be effective against recurrence. It was determined that surgical margin positivity, grade, pathological stage of the tumor, invasion status, response to neoadjuvant treatment, number and rate of metastatic lymph nodes removed made a significant difference in terms of recurrence. As a result of multivariate analysis, risk factors were found to be positive distal surgical margins, metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR) of 0.2 and above, presence of additional cancer, preoperative stage 4 disease, and perineural invasion (PNI). Discussion and Conclusion As a result, it was seen that the recurrence results and the factors affecting recurrence at the time of the study in our center were similar to the literature. Since the period in which the patients were selected included the period when neoadjuvant treatment began to be routinely applied in locally advanced rectal cancer and the period when laparoscopic operations were just beginning, we think that the risk factors found will increase disease-free survival, especially by examining the results of these two patient groups in the following years. KEYWORDS: surgery in rectal cancer, recurrence rectal cancer
Rectal cancer accounts for 10% of global cancer incidence and 9.4% of cancer deaths as of 2020. Despite advances in treatment methods, relapse is still an important problem. In this study, we investigated the recurrence rate of patients who underwent surgery with a diagnosis of rectal cancer within a certain date range in our center and the factors affecting this in the post-operative period within 5 years. We aimed to reduce the relapse rate by revealing the consequences of emerging risk factors in our center. Patıents and Methods The information of 190 patients who underwent surgery with the diagnosis of rectal cancer in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2017 was recorded from electronic records, files and by interviewing the patients and their relatives. The information obtained was compared between patients who developed recurrence within 5 years after surgery and those who did not, and the results were analyzed statistically. Risk factors were tried to be revealed by applying univariate and multivariate analysis to the data with and without significant differences. Results The recurrence rate was 37.8% within 5 years and the average recurrence time was 86.5 weeks. Age, gender, BMI, smoking, and ASA score had no effect on recurrence. Cancer stage at diagnosis and lateral pelvic lymph node involvement had a significant impact on recurrence. There was no difference in terms of recurrence depending on the type of surgery and whether the operation was urgent or elective. Additional surgical intervention for malignant reasons was found to be effective against recurrence. It was determined that surgical margin positivity, grade, pathological stage of the tumor, invasion status, response to neoadjuvant treatment, number and rate of metastatic lymph nodes removed made a significant difference in terms of recurrence. As a result of multivariate analysis, risk factors were found to be positive distal surgical margins, metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR) of 0.2 and above, presence of additional cancer, preoperative stage 4 disease, and perineural invasion (PNI). Discussion and Conclusion As a result, it was seen that the recurrence results and the factors affecting recurrence at the time of the study in our center were similar to the literature. Since the period in which the patients were selected included the period when neoadjuvant treatment began to be routinely applied in locally advanced rectal cancer and the period when laparoscopic operations were just beginning, we think that the risk factors found will increase disease-free survival, especially by examining the results of these two patient groups in the following years. KEYWORDS: surgery in rectal cancer, recurrence rectal cancer
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