Publication: Samsun İlinde 18 Yaş Altı Bireylerde Hava Kirliliği ile Solunum Sistemi Hastalıkları ve Alerjik Hastalıklar Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Hava kirliliği insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri nedeniyle giderek artan bir endişe kaynağı olmakta ve çocuklar daha fazla etkilenmektedir. Çalışmamızda Samsun ili merkez ilçelerinde 2021 yılı hava kalitesi ölçüm verilerinden partikül madde, azot dioksit, kükürt dioksit, karbon monoksit ve ozon düzeyleri ile 18 yaş altı bireylerde 2. ve 3. basamak hastanelere solunum sistemi hastalıkları ve alerjik hastalıklar tanılarıyla yapılan başvurular arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç yöntem: Çalışmamız tanımlayıcı tipte, ekolojik bir çalışmadır. Samsun merkez ilçelerinde bulunan dokuz hastanenin 2021 yılı hastane kayıtları incelenmiştir. Belirlenen solunum sistemi hastalıkları ve deri ve zührevi hastalıklar tanılarından herhangi birini almış olan 18 yaş altı bireylerin hastane başvuruları çalışmaya kabul edilmiştir. Merkez ilçelerde bulunan Atakum, Canik, İlkadım-Hastane, Yüzüncüyıl ve Tekkeköy hava kalitesi izleme istasyonlarının ölçüm verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu istasyonlarda ölçülen partikül madde, azot dioksit, kükürt dioksit, karbon monoksit ve ozon düzeyleri T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Bakanlığı'nın Hava Kalitesi İzleme İstasyonları Web Sitesi'nden alınmıştır. Hastane başvuruları ile hava kirliliği parametreleri arasındaki ilişkileri açıklamak için korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. p<0,05 tüm testler için istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: İstasyonlarda ölçülen yıllık ortalamalar sırasıyla PM10 42,7±17,7 μg/m3, PM2.5 20,6±11,3 μg/m3, SO2 18,8±6,6 μg/m3, NO2 50,1±18,9 μg/m3, CO2 562,1±254,0 μg/m3 ve O3 29,4±19,3 μg/m3 olarak bulunmuştur. Kirleticilerin aylık ortalamaları değerlendirildiğinde PM10, PM2.5, NO2 ve CO kış aylarında daha yüksek ortalamalara sahipken O3 daha çok yaz aylarında yüksek bulunmuştur. Solunum sistemi hastalıkları ve alerjik hastalıklar tanılarıyla yapılan aylık ortalama başvuru sayıları 2021 yılının ilk aylarında daha düşük olurken, yıl sonunda en yüksek değerlere ulaşmıştır. Solunum sistemi hastalıkları ve alerjik hastalıklar tanılarıyla yapılan günlük başvuru sayıları ile NO2 ve O3 arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır. Bu negatif yönlü ilişki 7 güne kadar yapılan gecikmeli analizlerde de devam etmiştir. Sonuç: Samsun Merkez ilçelerindeki hava kirliliği parametreleri ortalama değerleri insan sağlığı için önerilen sınır değerlerin üzerinde bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın pandemi döneminde yapılmış olması hastane başvuru sayılarının etkilenmesinden dolayı sonuçlar rastlantısal olabilir. Hava kirliliği ile hastane başvuruları arasındaki ilişki daha uzun zaman aralığında, daha büyük örneklemde yapılmalıdır. Anahtar kelimeler: Samsun, hava kirliliği, solunum sistemi hastalıkları, alerjik hastalıklar, hastane başvuruları
Aim: Air pollution is an increasing source of concern due to its negative effects on human health, and children are more affected. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and ozone levels from the air quality measurement data of 2021 in the central districts of Samsun province and applications to 2nd and 3rd level hospitals with diagnoses of respiratory system diseases and allergic diseases in individuals under the age of 18. Material and Methods: Our study is a descriptive type ecological study. Hospital records of nine hospitals in Samsun central districts in 2021 were examined. Hospital applications of individuals under the age of 18 who had any of the specified respiratory system diseases and dermatological diagnoses were accepted for the study. Measurement data of Atakum, Canik, İlkadım-Hastane, Yüzüncüyıl and Tekkeköy air quality monitoring stations located in the central districts were used. Particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and ozone levels measured at these stations were taken from the Website of Air Quality Monitoring Stations of Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Enviroment, Urbanization and Climate Change. Correlation and regression analyzes were performed to explain the relationships between hospital admissions and air pollution parameters. p<0.05 was determined as the level of statistical significance for all tests. Results: The annual averages measured at the stations were found as PM10 42,7±17,7 μg/m3, PM2.5 20,6±11,3 μg/m3, SO2 18,8±6,6 μg/m3, NO2 50,1±18,9 μg/m3, CO2 562,1±254,0 μg/m3 ve O3 29,4±19,3 μg/m3, respectively. When monthly averages of pollutants are evaluated, PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and CO have higher averages in winter months and O3 was found to be higher mostly in summer months. The average monthly number of applications made with diagnoses of respiratory system diseases and allergic diseases was lower in the first months of 2021 and reached the highest values at the end of the year. A significant negative relationship was found between the number of daily admissions for respiratory system diseases and allergic diseases and NO2 and O3. This negative relationship continued in the lagged analyzes up to 7 days. Conclusion: The average values of air pollution parameters in the central districts of Samsun were found to be above the recommended limit values for human health. The results may be coincidental because the study was conducted during the pandemic period and the number of hospital admissions was affected. The relationship between air pollution and hospital admissions should be determined over a longer period of time and in a larger sample. Key Words: Samsun, air pollution, respiratory system diseases, allergic diseases, hospital admissions
Aim: Air pollution is an increasing source of concern due to its negative effects on human health, and children are more affected. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and ozone levels from the air quality measurement data of 2021 in the central districts of Samsun province and applications to 2nd and 3rd level hospitals with diagnoses of respiratory system diseases and allergic diseases in individuals under the age of 18. Material and Methods: Our study is a descriptive type ecological study. Hospital records of nine hospitals in Samsun central districts in 2021 were examined. Hospital applications of individuals under the age of 18 who had any of the specified respiratory system diseases and dermatological diagnoses were accepted for the study. Measurement data of Atakum, Canik, İlkadım-Hastane, Yüzüncüyıl and Tekkeköy air quality monitoring stations located in the central districts were used. Particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and ozone levels measured at these stations were taken from the Website of Air Quality Monitoring Stations of Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Enviroment, Urbanization and Climate Change. Correlation and regression analyzes were performed to explain the relationships between hospital admissions and air pollution parameters. p<0.05 was determined as the level of statistical significance for all tests. Results: The annual averages measured at the stations were found as PM10 42,7±17,7 μg/m3, PM2.5 20,6±11,3 μg/m3, SO2 18,8±6,6 μg/m3, NO2 50,1±18,9 μg/m3, CO2 562,1±254,0 μg/m3 ve O3 29,4±19,3 μg/m3, respectively. When monthly averages of pollutants are evaluated, PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and CO have higher averages in winter months and O3 was found to be higher mostly in summer months. The average monthly number of applications made with diagnoses of respiratory system diseases and allergic diseases was lower in the first months of 2021 and reached the highest values at the end of the year. A significant negative relationship was found between the number of daily admissions for respiratory system diseases and allergic diseases and NO2 and O3. This negative relationship continued in the lagged analyzes up to 7 days. Conclusion: The average values of air pollution parameters in the central districts of Samsun were found to be above the recommended limit values for human health. The results may be coincidental because the study was conducted during the pandemic period and the number of hospital admissions was affected. The relationship between air pollution and hospital admissions should be determined over a longer period of time and in a larger sample. Key Words: Samsun, air pollution, respiratory system diseases, allergic diseases, hospital admissions
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