Therapeutic Effects of Sildenafil on Experimental Mandibular Fractures

Abstract

Objectives: No previous studies have examined the effect of sildenafil on fracture healing. This study was designed to investigate the effect of sildenafil on the fracture healing process. Methods: Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats (3-month-old) were used in this study. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups based on treatment duration (1 week versus 4 weeks) and each group was then divided further into 2 subgroups, control (C) and study (S) groups. Group C (C1, C2) was treated daily with saline solution and group S (S1, S2) was treated daily with 10 mg/kg of sildenafil. Histologic, histomorphometric, radiological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed at 1 week and 4 weeks after a fracture. Results: The sildenafil group showed a significant increase in fracture healing scores (P=0.00). The authors observed a transition from fibrous callus to cartilage tissue and immature bone tissue in group S1; and an increased transition of cartilage tissue to completely immature bone tissue in group S2, both of which were administered sildenafil. The strong expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and col-1 was observed in the fibrous matrix and osteoblasts within areas of new bone formation, especially in group S1. This group also showed an increase in bone density measurements at 1 week that was statistically significant (P=0.03). Conclusions: Sildenafil accelerates fracture healing and can be used as a supporting factor in the improvement of fracture healing under various conditions. © © 2016 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.