Publication: Mekanik Olarak Ayrılmış Tavuk Eti Proteinlerinden Antioksidan ve Antimikrobiyal Katkılı Yenilebilir Film Üretimi ve Isıl İşlem Görmüş Sucuklarda Kullanımı
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Bu çalışma, 4 aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci aşamada, mekanik ayrılmış tavuk etinden (MATE) ekstrakte edilen proteinlerin fonksiyonel ve reolojik özellikleri, ikinci aşamada farklı protein ve gliserol konsantrasyonlarında hazırlanan yenilebilir filmlerin karakterizasyonu, üçüncü aşamada, %1.5 oranında kekik, biberiye ve karanfil uçucu yağlarıyla zenginleştirilen filmlerin karakterizasyonu ve son aşamada da en iyi özelliklere sahip filmlerin ısıl işlem görmüş sucuk dilimlerine uygulanması ve raf ömrüne etkisi incelenmiştir. MATE proteinleri; en iyi fonksiyonel özellikleri (çözünürlük, emülsiyon ve köpük stabilite ve kapasitesi) pH 12'de göstermiş ve protein çözeltisi 36 ̊C'de jelleşmeye başlamıştır. MATE proteininden üretilen filmlerin özellikleri üzerine protein ve gliserol konsantrasyonunun etkisi önemli olmuş (p<0.05) ve gliserol oranı arttıkça G değeri azalmış, KU, SBG ve OG değerleri artmıştır. Gliserol konsantrasyonunun artması ve protein konsantrasyonunun azalması, filmlerin saydamlığını arttırmış ve %4 protein içeren filmler en iyi özellik göstermiştir. %4 protein, %30, 40 ve 50 gliserol içeren filmlerin görünür porozite, SBG, OG ve DD değerleri gliserol konsantrasyonu ile artmış (p<0.05), DK değerleri ve yüzey hidrofobiklikleri azalmıştır. %40 gliserol ile hazırlanan filmler en düşük yüzey pürüzlülüğü göstermiştir. Gliserol oranına bağlı olarak film yüzeyinde gözenekler belirlenmiş, ancak kesit görüntülerinde gözeneklere rastlanmamıştır. Film yapısına uçucu yağ ilavesi opaklık, L* ve suda çözünürlük değerlerini arttırmış, b* değerlerini ise azaltmıştır. Filmlere kekik uçucu yağı ilavesi SBG değerlerini arttırırken, karanfil uçucu yağı azaltmıştır. Uçucu yağ ilavesi, filmlerin G değerlerini kontrole kıyasla azaltmış, ancak KU değerlerini arttırmıştır. En yüksek antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivite kekik (KEY15) ve karanfil yağı (KAY15) katkılı filmlerde belirlenmiş ve bu filmler sucuk dilimlerine uygulanmıştır. KEY15 ve KAY15 ile kaplanan sucukların pH, a*, aw, ağırlık kaybı ve TBARS değerleri arasındaki farklılıklar önemli bulunmuş, KEY15 ve KAY15 örnekleri kontrol örneklerine kıyasla TBARS ve mikrobiyolojik yönden daha etkili bulunmuş, buna karşın duyusal yönden daha az tercih edilmişlerdir. Karanfil uçucu yağı içeren çözelti ile kaplamanın sucuk dilimlerinin fiziksel, kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal özelliklerini önemli ölçüde etkilediği ve bozulmadan 45 gün boyunca muhafaza edebildiği ortaya konulmuştur.
This study was carried out in 4 stages. Firstly, functional and rheological properties of proteins from mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) were determined; secondly, edible films prepared at different protein and glycerol concentrations was characterized; thirdly, films enriched with 1.5% thyme, rosemary and clove essential oils were characterized, and finally, films with the best properties were applied to heat treated sausage slices and shelf life stability were investigated. MATE proteins showed the best functional properties (solubility, emulsion and foam stability and capacity) at pH 12 and the protein solution began to gelation at 36 ̊C. The effect of protein and glycerol concentration on the properties of the films produced from the MATE proteins was significant (p<0.05) and as the glycerol ratio increased, G value decreased, and the KU, SBG and OG values increased. Increasing glycerol and decreasing protein concentration caused to higher transparency of the films and films with 4% proteins had the best properties. The apparent porosity, SBG, OG and DD values of films containing 4% protein, 30%, 40 and 50 glycerol increased with glycerol concentration, and DK values and surface hydrophobicity decreased. Films prepared with 40 glycerol showed the lowest surface roughness. Depending on the glycerol ratio, pores were determined on the film surface, however no porosity was seen in the cross-sectional images. The addition of essential oils to the film structure increased opacity, L * and water solubility values and reduced b * values. Essential oil addition to films increased SBG values, whereas clove decreased. The addition of essential oils reduced the G values of films compared to the control, but increased KU values. The highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were determined in films containing thyme (KEY15) and clove oil (KAY15), and these films were applied to sausage slices. The differences between pH, a*, aw, weight loss and TBARS values of sausages covered with KEY15 and KAY15 were significant (p<0.05), and KEY15 and KAY15 samples were found to be more effective than controls in terms of TBARS and microbiological results. It has been shown that coating with a solution containing clove essential oil can significantly affect the physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of sausage slices and maintain them for 45 days without deterioration.
This study was carried out in 4 stages. Firstly, functional and rheological properties of proteins from mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) were determined; secondly, edible films prepared at different protein and glycerol concentrations was characterized; thirdly, films enriched with 1.5% thyme, rosemary and clove essential oils were characterized, and finally, films with the best properties were applied to heat treated sausage slices and shelf life stability were investigated. MATE proteins showed the best functional properties (solubility, emulsion and foam stability and capacity) at pH 12 and the protein solution began to gelation at 36 ̊C. The effect of protein and glycerol concentration on the properties of the films produced from the MATE proteins was significant (p<0.05) and as the glycerol ratio increased, G value decreased, and the KU, SBG and OG values increased. Increasing glycerol and decreasing protein concentration caused to higher transparency of the films and films with 4% proteins had the best properties. The apparent porosity, SBG, OG and DD values of films containing 4% protein, 30%, 40 and 50 glycerol increased with glycerol concentration, and DK values and surface hydrophobicity decreased. Films prepared with 40 glycerol showed the lowest surface roughness. Depending on the glycerol ratio, pores were determined on the film surface, however no porosity was seen in the cross-sectional images. The addition of essential oils to the film structure increased opacity, L * and water solubility values and reduced b * values. Essential oil addition to films increased SBG values, whereas clove decreased. The addition of essential oils reduced the G values of films compared to the control, but increased KU values. The highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were determined in films containing thyme (KEY15) and clove oil (KAY15), and these films were applied to sausage slices. The differences between pH, a*, aw, weight loss and TBARS values of sausages covered with KEY15 and KAY15 were significant (p<0.05), and KEY15 and KAY15 samples were found to be more effective than controls in terms of TBARS and microbiological results. It has been shown that coating with a solution containing clove essential oil can significantly affect the physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of sausage slices and maintain them for 45 days without deterioration.
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2018
Libra Kayıt No: 120061
Libra Kayıt No: 120061
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Scopus Q
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