Publication: Organik Asitlerin Yüksek Basınç Sıvı Kromatografisi İle Ayırımı ve UV-Görünür Spektrofotometrik Tayinleri
Abstract
Gıda ve içecek endüstrisindeki organik asitlerin dikkatli bir şekilde izlenmesi ve analizi, endüstrinin sıkı kalite kontrol önlemleri almasını, düzenleyici standartlara uyum sağlamasına ve tüketicilerin güvenli, orijinal ve yüksek kaliteli gıda ve içecek taleplerini karşılamasına imkân tanınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Meyve sularındaki ana organik asitlerin (sitrik, malik, tartarik ve süksinik asitler) ters fazlı HPLC-UV tayini için basit ve etkili bir tek adımlı kolon öncesi türevlendirme yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Organik asitler genel olarak zayıf spektral özelliklere sahiptirler ve bu da bunların HPLC-UV ile doğrudan teşhisi ve tayini çok zorlaştırmaktadır. Geliştirilen tayin yöntemi, söz konusu bu organik asitlerin, N,N'-diizopropilkarbodiimidin varlığında 1-naftilamin reaktifi kullanılarak amid türevlerine dönüştürülmesi, ters-faz HPLC kolonda ayırımlarının sağlanması ve detektör olarak UV spektrofotometrenin kullanılmasıyla meyve suyu numunelerinde analiz edilmeleri aşamalarını içermektedir. AQ-C18 ayırım kolonunun kullanıldığı ters-faz HPLC analizi için hareketli faz olarak Asetonitril (ACN): Metanol (MeOH): Tetrahidrofuran (THF): Su (37:4:1:58 v/v) karışımı kullanılmış ve akış hızı 2.0 mL/dk değerine ayarlanmıştı. Detektör olarak UV Spektrofotometrede 222 nm dalga boyunda ölçümler alınmış ve oda sıcaklığında 22 dakika içinde organik asitlerin amid türevleri mükemmel bir ayırım sağlanmıştı. Organik asitlerin gözlenebilme sınırları; sitrik asit için 0,69 µg/mL, tartarik asit için 0,18 µg/mL, malik asit için 0,48 µg/mL ve süksinik asit için 0,14 µg/mL olarak bulunmuştu. Herhangi bir ekstraksiyon basamağı içermeyen geliştirilen yöntem, yaygın bir şekilde tüketilen üç farklı meyve suyu örneğine başarı ile uygulanmıştı. Organik asit türevlerinin 1 mL portakal suyunda numunesinden geri alınabilirliği % 88,97-92,52, bağıl standart sapma ile % 2,95-4,56 düzeyinde, 1 mL elma suyunda numunesinden geri alınabilirliği % 85,46-93,14, bağıl standart sapma ile % 2,98-4,55 düzeyinde, 1 mL karışık meyve suyu numunesinden geri alınabilirliği ise % 85,71-89,15, bağıl standart sapma ile % 2,99-4,55 düzeylerinde olduğu belirlenmişti.
Careful monitoring and analysis of organic acids in the food and beverage industry is very important to enables the industry to implement stringent quality control measures, comply with regulatory standards and meet consumers' demands for safe, authentic and high-quality food and beverages. In this study, a simple and effective one-step pre-column derivatization method for reversed-phase HPLC-UV determination of the major organic acids (citric, malic, tartaric, and succinic acids) in fruit juices has been developed. Organic acids generally have poor spectral properties, which make their direct determination by HPLC-UV very difficult. Therefore, targeted organic acids have been derivatized using 1-naphthylamine in the presence of N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide as a coupling agent. The resulting organic acid amide derivatives were successfully separated on an AQ-C18 reserve phase column with isocratic elution using mobile phase with the composition (37 acetonitrile: 4 methanol: 1 tetrahydrofuran: 58 water) at a flow rate of 2,0 mL/min. A sufficient separation of organic acid derivatives was achieved within 22 minutes at room temperature and they were detected by a UV detector at 222 nm. Detection limits were 0.69 µg/mL, 0.18 µg/mL, 0.48 µg/mL, and 0.14 µg/mL for citric acid, tartaric acid, malik acid, and succinic acid, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to three different widely consumed fruit juice samples without the need for any extraction procedures. Recoveries of organic acid derivatives from the sample of 1 mL of orange juice were 88.97–92.52 %, with relative standard deviations between 2.95 % and 4.56 %; for the sample of 1 mL of apple juice, recoveries were 85.46 %–93.14 %, with relative standard deviations of 2.98–4.55 %; and recoveries for the 1 mL mixed fruit juice sample were 85.71–89.15 %, with 2.99–4.55 % relative standard deviations.
Careful monitoring and analysis of organic acids in the food and beverage industry is very important to enables the industry to implement stringent quality control measures, comply with regulatory standards and meet consumers' demands for safe, authentic and high-quality food and beverages. In this study, a simple and effective one-step pre-column derivatization method for reversed-phase HPLC-UV determination of the major organic acids (citric, malic, tartaric, and succinic acids) in fruit juices has been developed. Organic acids generally have poor spectral properties, which make their direct determination by HPLC-UV very difficult. Therefore, targeted organic acids have been derivatized using 1-naphthylamine in the presence of N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide as a coupling agent. The resulting organic acid amide derivatives were successfully separated on an AQ-C18 reserve phase column with isocratic elution using mobile phase with the composition (37 acetonitrile: 4 methanol: 1 tetrahydrofuran: 58 water) at a flow rate of 2,0 mL/min. A sufficient separation of organic acid derivatives was achieved within 22 minutes at room temperature and they were detected by a UV detector at 222 nm. Detection limits were 0.69 µg/mL, 0.18 µg/mL, 0.48 µg/mL, and 0.14 µg/mL for citric acid, tartaric acid, malik acid, and succinic acid, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to three different widely consumed fruit juice samples without the need for any extraction procedures. Recoveries of organic acid derivatives from the sample of 1 mL of orange juice were 88.97–92.52 %, with relative standard deviations between 2.95 % and 4.56 %; for the sample of 1 mL of apple juice, recoveries were 85.46 %–93.14 %, with relative standard deviations of 2.98–4.55 %; and recoveries for the 1 mL mixed fruit juice sample were 85.71–89.15 %, with 2.99–4.55 % relative standard deviations.
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