Publication: Yarı Doğal Montan Çayırlarında Farklı Yönetim Uygulamaları Altında Toprak Kalite Değerlendirmesi
Abstract
Çok eski zamanlardan kalma çayırlar, Avrupa'nın Karpat bölgelerinin ayrılmaz bir parçası olmaya devam ettiğinden, ancak, bu önemli manzara diğer ekosistem bileşenlerine kıyasla ihmal edildi, bu, toprak kalitesine ilişkin önceki çalışmaların çoğunda kontamine alanlarda, tarım arazilerinde ve tarım arazilerinde gerçekleştirildi. orman, sürdürülebilir ekosistem dengesi ve işlevleri ise genel çevre yönetimine bağlıdır. Farklı ölçeklerde otlak bozulmasının önlenmesinde yeni yönetim seçenekleri zorunlu olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Polonya'nın Karpatya bölgesinin Majerz bölgesindeki Pieniny'nin dağ çayırlarında zıt yönetim uygulamalarının toprak kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Latin kare tasarımında üç farklı yönetim (biçme[A], biçme + kompost uygulaması[B] ve biçme + malçlama[C]) yapılmıştır. Üç yıl altı yıl sonra, hem ilkbahar hem de sonbaharda toprak örnekleri alınmış ve toprak kalitesinin fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik göstergeleri ile ilgili olarak alınan on üç toprak özelliği analiz edilmiştir. Minimum veri setleri (MDS), Özdeğeri ≥ 1 olan temel bileşenlerden çok değişkenli teknikler kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur ve aynı bileşen içindeki değişkenler arasındaki fazlalığı azaltmak için Pearson korelasyonu kullanılmıştır. Son olarak, en yüksek yükleme faktörüne sahip değişkenler seçilmiş ve minimum veri seti olarak beş değişken seçilmiştir. Toprak kalite indeksi hesaplanmış ve sonuçlar, biçme + kompost uygulaması[B] > biçme[A] > biçme + malçlama[C]'nın sırasıyla yüksek ve orta kalite sınıfları olarak sınıflandırıldığını göstermiştir. Faktöriyel ANOVA'nın sonucu, varyant B'nin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olan üç ve altı yıl sonra daha yüksek mikrobiyal biyokütle karbonu, bazal solunum ve agrega stabilitesine sahip olduğunu gösterir (p<0,005). Bu çalışmada yönetime en çok mikrobiyal biyokütle karbonu, mikrobiyal biyokütle azotu ve toprak enzimatik aktivitesinin yanıt verdiği belirlendi. C:N'nin dağ çayırlarında toprak kalitesinin önemli bir göstergesi olduğu ve çalışma alanında biçme+kompost yönetiminin uygulanmasının toprak kalitesini iyileştirdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Since time immemorial meadows remain an integral part of the Carpathian regions of Europe, However, this crucial landscape was neglected compared to other ecosystem components, this was demonstrated in most of the previous studies on soil quality are conducted in contaminated sites, agricultural lands, and forest while sustainable ecosystem balance and functions depend on overall environmental stewardship. Novel management options remain imperative in averting grassland degradation at different scales. This study was intended to evaluate the effect of contrasting management practices on soil quality in mountain meadows of Pieniny, in Majerz of Carpathian, lesser Poland. Three different management (mowing[A], mowing + compost application[B], and mowing + mulching[C]) were laid in Latin square design. After three years and six years, soil samples were taken in both spring and autumn, and thirteen soil properties related to physical, chemical, and biological indicators of soil quality were analysed. Minimum data sets (MDS) were established using multivariate techniques from principal components with Eigenvalue ≥ 1 and Pearson correlation was used to reduce redundancy among variables within the same component. Finally, variables with the highest loading factor were selected and five variables are selected as a minimum data set. Soil quality index was computed, and the results indicated that mowing + compost application[B] > mowing[A] > mowing + mulching[C], are classified as high to moderate quality classes respectively. The result of factorial ANOVA indicates variant B has higher microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, and aggregate stability after three and six years which was statistically significant (p<0.005). It was established that microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, and soil enzymatic activity were most responded to management in this study. It's concluded that C:N is an important indicator of soil quality in mountain meadows and implementation of mowing+ composting management has improved the soil quality in the study area.
Since time immemorial meadows remain an integral part of the Carpathian regions of Europe, However, this crucial landscape was neglected compared to other ecosystem components, this was demonstrated in most of the previous studies on soil quality are conducted in contaminated sites, agricultural lands, and forest while sustainable ecosystem balance and functions depend on overall environmental stewardship. Novel management options remain imperative in averting grassland degradation at different scales. This study was intended to evaluate the effect of contrasting management practices on soil quality in mountain meadows of Pieniny, in Majerz of Carpathian, lesser Poland. Three different management (mowing[A], mowing + compost application[B], and mowing + mulching[C]) were laid in Latin square design. After three years and six years, soil samples were taken in both spring and autumn, and thirteen soil properties related to physical, chemical, and biological indicators of soil quality were analysed. Minimum data sets (MDS) were established using multivariate techniques from principal components with Eigenvalue ≥ 1 and Pearson correlation was used to reduce redundancy among variables within the same component. Finally, variables with the highest loading factor were selected and five variables are selected as a minimum data set. Soil quality index was computed, and the results indicated that mowing + compost application[B] > mowing[A] > mowing + mulching[C], are classified as high to moderate quality classes respectively. The result of factorial ANOVA indicates variant B has higher microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, and aggregate stability after three and six years which was statistically significant (p<0.005). It was established that microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, and soil enzymatic activity were most responded to management in this study. It's concluded that C:N is an important indicator of soil quality in mountain meadows and implementation of mowing+ composting management has improved the soil quality in the study area.
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