Publication: Hafif Elektrikli Araçlar İçin 3 Fazlı Asenkron Motor Sürücü Sisteminin Tasarımı ve Uygulanması
Abstract
Asansör ile yükselen şehirlerimiz otomobillerle genişlemiştir. Fosil kökenli yakıtlar, yıllardır insanlığın enerji ihtiyacını karşılamada vazgeçilmez bir yere sahiptir. Ancak fosil yakıtların iki olumsuz yönü bulunmaktadır; bunlardan ilki yakıt rezervlerinin giderek tükenmesi, ikincisi ise bu yakıtların yanması esnasında açığa çıkan zehirli gaz ve partiküllerdir. Bu durum çevre kirliliğine yol açmakla birlikte insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Bu nedenle otomotiv endüstrisinde alternatif enerji ile çalışan taşıt fikri ön plana çıkmıştır. Elektrikli araçlar, yüksek verimli, sessiz ve çevreci araçlar olarak geleceğin taşıma sistemi olacağı öngörülebilir bir durumdur. Buna karşın yüksek sahiplik bedelleri, uzun şarj süreleri ve petrol temelli otomobillerde iki petrol istasyonu arası 400 km asgari menzili yakalamış görünseler de çözümlenmesi gereken menzil problemleri hala devam etmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında elektrikli araçlarda kullanılan motor sürücü incelenmiş, ve hafif elektrikli araçlar için uygun sürücü tasarımları ve gerçekleştirilmesi yapılmıştır. Hafif elektrikli araç için asenkron motor ve mekanik diferansiyelli sistem önerilmiş ve elektronik, mekanik sistemlerin tasarımı buna göre yapılmıştır. Araç kısıtları göz önüne alınarak, istenilen güç ve boyutlarda asenkron motor belirlenmiş ve bu elektrik motorunun stator ve rotor parametreleri ve termal özellikleri üreticiden temin edilmiş, motor karakteristikleri incelenmiştir. Asenkron motor ve araç dinamiği parametrelerine uygun bir sürücüye ihtiyaç olduğundan, bu çalışmada asenkron motorun parametrelerine ve araç dinamik özelliklerine uygun üç fazlı gerilim kaynaklı evirici tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan eviricinin bileşenlerinden olan yalıtımlı besleme devresi, kesimde sönümleyici devresi, akım sensörü arabirim devresi, ölü zaman oluşturma devresi tasarlanmıştır. Matlab ortamında doğrudan moment kontrol yöntemi denenmiş gömülü sistem TMS320F28379D DSP modülü kullanılarak uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece vektör kontrollü sürüş testleri de yapılmıştır.
Our cities, which are rising by elevator, are enlarged by cars. Fossil fuels have an indispensable place in meeting the energy needs of humanity for years. However, fossil fuels have two negative aspects; The first of these is the gradual depletion of fuel reserves, and the second is the toxic gases and particles released during the combustion of these fuels. This situation causes environmental pollution and threatens human life. Therefore, in the automotive industry, the idea of alternative energy driven vehicles has come to the forefront. Electric vehicles are predictable to be the transport system of the future as highly efficient, quiet and environmentally friendly vehicles. On the other hand, there are high ownership costs, long charging times and range problems that need to be solved even if they seem to have reached a 400 km minimum range between two petrol stations. In this thesis, the motor driver used in electric vehicles has been examined, and suitable driver designs and realizations for light electric vehicles have been made. Considering the vehicle constraints, an asynchronous motor with the desired power and dimensions was determined and the stator and rotor parameters and thermal properties of this electric motor were obtained from the manufacturer, and the motor characteristics were examined. A driver suitable in accordance with the parameters of the induction motor and the vehicle Dynamics In this study, a three-phase voltage source inverter is designed. Insulated supply circuit, snubber circuit, current sensor interface circuit, dead time generation circuit, which are the components of the inverter, are designed. In the Matlab Simulink environment, Direct Torque Control was implemented by using the proven embedded system TMS320F28379D DSP module. Thus, vector-controlled driving tests were also carried out.
Our cities, which are rising by elevator, are enlarged by cars. Fossil fuels have an indispensable place in meeting the energy needs of humanity for years. However, fossil fuels have two negative aspects; The first of these is the gradual depletion of fuel reserves, and the second is the toxic gases and particles released during the combustion of these fuels. This situation causes environmental pollution and threatens human life. Therefore, in the automotive industry, the idea of alternative energy driven vehicles has come to the forefront. Electric vehicles are predictable to be the transport system of the future as highly efficient, quiet and environmentally friendly vehicles. On the other hand, there are high ownership costs, long charging times and range problems that need to be solved even if they seem to have reached a 400 km minimum range between two petrol stations. In this thesis, the motor driver used in electric vehicles has been examined, and suitable driver designs and realizations for light electric vehicles have been made. Considering the vehicle constraints, an asynchronous motor with the desired power and dimensions was determined and the stator and rotor parameters and thermal properties of this electric motor were obtained from the manufacturer, and the motor characteristics were examined. A driver suitable in accordance with the parameters of the induction motor and the vehicle Dynamics In this study, a three-phase voltage source inverter is designed. Insulated supply circuit, snubber circuit, current sensor interface circuit, dead time generation circuit, which are the components of the inverter, are designed. In the Matlab Simulink environment, Direct Torque Control was implemented by using the proven embedded system TMS320F28379D DSP module. Thus, vector-controlled driving tests were also carried out.
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