Publication: Tahâvî'nin Müşkilü'l-asâr Adlı Eserinde Kıraat Farklılıklarına Dair Rivayetlerin Tahlili
Abstract
Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'in konusu olan kıraat farklılıkları zaman ve kaynak itibariyle Hz. Peygamber dönemine dayanmaktadır. Yüce Allah, ilk insandan itibaren yeryüzünün imarı için bir takım kurallar belirlemiştir. Bu kuralları, seçtiği elçileri aracılığıyla insanlara iletmiştir. Elçi ve vahiy gönderilmeyen herhangi bir zaman dilimi ise bulunmamaktadır. Vahyin ortak bir dili yoktur fakat Tevhid adında ortak bir amacı bulunmaktadır. Son vahiy, Araplardan bir elçiye gönderilmiştir. Bu vahyin adı Kur'ân, dinin adı İslâm, elçisi ise Hz. Muhammed'dir. Hz. Peygamber toplumun eğitim seviyesini göz önünde bulundurarak, vahyin telaffuzu hususunda Yüce Allah'tan kolaylık istemiş, el-ahrufü's-seb'a adında bazı kolaylıklara müsaade edilmiştir. Vahyin ilk muhatabı olan Araplar, kavimler halinde farklı bölgelerde yaşadıkları için farklı lehçeler geliştirmişler, bundan sebep soyut ve somut bir nesneyi yahut bir düşünceyi ifade ederken aralarında farklılıklar bulunmaktaydı. Vahiy ise Kureyş lehçesiyle indirildiğinden, diğer kavimler için bu durum müşkil bir hâl almaktaydı. Hz. Peygamber hayattayken başlayan ve sonraki devirlerde devam eden bu hususta net cümleler kullanmak mümkün değildir. Konu hakkında çok sayıda araştırmalar yapılmış ve eserler kaleme alınmıştır. Mekke, Medine, hilâfet merkezi ve çevresinde yeterli çalışmalar yapılmış, çok sayıda ilim adamı yetişmiştir. Uzak şehirler bu çalışmalardan yeterli nasibi alamamışlardır. Bu beldelerden çeşitli medeniyetlere ev sahipliği yapan Mısır, her dönem saldırılara ve katliamlara maruz kalmıştır. Sükûnetin sağlandığı dönemlerde yetişen ilim ehli bu saldırılar sonucunda hayatlarını kaybetmişlerdir. Bunlara rağmen az sayıda ilim tahsili için Mısır toprakları dışına çıkan isimlerden biri olan Verş, Medine'de Nâfi'den okuduğu kıraatı memleketi Mısır'da okutmuştur. Kısmen diğer kıraatların da okutulduğu ama yoğun olarak okutulan Nâfi ekolünde, Tahâvî'nin kıraat hocası Yunus b. Abdü'l-Â'lâ'nın da bulunduğu birçok öğrenci yetişmiştir. Tahâvî hadislerin maksadına uygun anlaşılabilmesi için ortaya koyduğu Müşkilü'l-âsâr adlı eserinde, Muhtelifü'l-Hadis ilmine konu olup farklı manalara gelme ihtimali bulunan hadislerin doğru anlaşılması adına ciddi bir çalışmaya imza atmıştır. Bu eserde ele aldığı çözüm üslûbu yazıldığı günden itibaren sonrasına ışık tutmuş, birçok eserin esin kaynağı olmuştur.
The differences in recitation, which are the subject of the Holy Quran, are related to the Prophet Muhammad in terms of time and source. It dates back to the time of the Prophet. Almighty God has determined a number of rules for the development of the earth since the first human being. He conveyed these rules to people through his chosen ambassadors. There is no period of time in which messengers and revelations are not sent. Revelation does not have a common language, but it has a common purpose called Tawhid. The last revelation was sent to an ambassador from the Arabs. The name of this revelation is the Quran, the name of the religion is Islam, and its messenger is Hz. It is Muhammad. Hz. Considering the education level of the society, the Prophet asked for ease from Almighty Allah regarding the pronunciation of the revelation, and some facilities called el-ahrufü's-seb'a were allowed. Since the Arabs, the first addressees of the revelation, lived in different regions as tribes and developed different dialects, there were differences between them when expressing an abstract and concrete object or an idea. Since the revelation was sent down in the Quraysh dialect, this situation became difficult for other tribes. Hz. It is not possible to use clear sentences on this issue, which started when the Prophet was alive and continued in subsequent periods. A lot of research has been done and works have been written on the subject. Adequate studies have been carried out in Mecca, Medina, the center of the caliphate and its surroundings, and many scientists have been trained. Remote cities could not get enough share from these studies. Egypt, which hosted various civilizations from these towns, has been subjected to attacks and massacres in every period. Scholars who grew up during periods of peace lost their lives as a result of these attacks. Despite these, Versh, one of the few names who went outside Egypt to study science, had the recitation he read from Nafi in Medina read in his homeland, Egypt. In the Nâfi school, where other recitations were also taught, but intensively, Tahavi's recitation teacher was Yunus b. Many students, including Abdü'l-Â'lâ, were educated. In his work titled Müskilü'l-âsâr, which he put forward in order to understand the hadiths according to their intended purpose, Tahâvî has undertaken a serious study in order to understand correctly the hadiths that are subject to the science of various hadiths and may have different meanings. The solution style discussed in this work has shed light on the future since the day it was written and has been the source of inspiration for many works.
The differences in recitation, which are the subject of the Holy Quran, are related to the Prophet Muhammad in terms of time and source. It dates back to the time of the Prophet. Almighty God has determined a number of rules for the development of the earth since the first human being. He conveyed these rules to people through his chosen ambassadors. There is no period of time in which messengers and revelations are not sent. Revelation does not have a common language, but it has a common purpose called Tawhid. The last revelation was sent to an ambassador from the Arabs. The name of this revelation is the Quran, the name of the religion is Islam, and its messenger is Hz. It is Muhammad. Hz. Considering the education level of the society, the Prophet asked for ease from Almighty Allah regarding the pronunciation of the revelation, and some facilities called el-ahrufü's-seb'a were allowed. Since the Arabs, the first addressees of the revelation, lived in different regions as tribes and developed different dialects, there were differences between them when expressing an abstract and concrete object or an idea. Since the revelation was sent down in the Quraysh dialect, this situation became difficult for other tribes. Hz. It is not possible to use clear sentences on this issue, which started when the Prophet was alive and continued in subsequent periods. A lot of research has been done and works have been written on the subject. Adequate studies have been carried out in Mecca, Medina, the center of the caliphate and its surroundings, and many scientists have been trained. Remote cities could not get enough share from these studies. Egypt, which hosted various civilizations from these towns, has been subjected to attacks and massacres in every period. Scholars who grew up during periods of peace lost their lives as a result of these attacks. Despite these, Versh, one of the few names who went outside Egypt to study science, had the recitation he read from Nafi in Medina read in his homeland, Egypt. In the Nâfi school, where other recitations were also taught, but intensively, Tahavi's recitation teacher was Yunus b. Many students, including Abdü'l-Â'lâ, were educated. In his work titled Müskilü'l-âsâr, which he put forward in order to understand the hadiths according to their intended purpose, Tahâvî has undertaken a serious study in order to understand correctly the hadiths that are subject to the science of various hadiths and may have different meanings. The solution style discussed in this work has shed light on the future since the day it was written and has been the source of inspiration for many works.
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