Publication: Meslek Lisesi Öğrencilerinin Girişimcilik Eğilimini Etkileyen Faktörler: Kavak Örneği
Abstract
Mesleki ve teknik eğitim kurumlarının yalnızca işgücü piyasasına nitelikli bireyler yetiştirmesi değil, aynı zamanda öğrencilerin girişimcilik potansiyelini geliştirmesi yönündeki beklentilerin artması, bu okullarda öğrenim gören bireylerin girişimcilik eğilimlerini çok boyutlu olarak inceleyen veri temelli analizleri zorunlu kılmaktadır. Kavak ilçesindeki meslek lisesi öğrencileriyle sınırlı tutulan bu çalışmada, bireylerin girişimcilik eğilimlerinin başarı odaklılık, yenilikçilik ve risk alma gibi kişisel özelliklerle ilişkisi; cinsiyet, öğrenim görülen bölüm, gelir düzeyi, girişimcilik eğitimi alma durumu ve sosyal çevrede girişimci figürlerin bulunması gibi demografik ve çevresel değişkenler aracılığıyla farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı parametrik istatistiksel yöntemlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Toplam 231 öğrenciden elde edilen nicel veriler IBM SPSS 26.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş; tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız örneklem t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Pearson korelasyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon tekniklerinden faydalanılmıştır. Bulgular, başarı odaklılık ve yenilikçilik değişkenlerinin girişimcilik eğiliminin güçlü açıklayıcı değişkenleri olduğunu; risk alma eğiliminin ise daha zayıf fakat anlamlı düzeyde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Teknik bölüm öğrencilerinin yenilikçilik düzeyleri anlamlı biçimde yüksek bulunurken, diğer girişimcilik boyutlarında cinsiyet, gelir düzeyi, çevrede girişimci bulunması ve iyimserlik algısı gibi değişkenlerin belirleyici bir farklılık yaratmadığı saptanmıştır. Girişimcilik eğitimi alan bireylerin başarı odaklılık düzeyleri daha yüksek olmakla birlikte, girişimcilik niyetlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Çoklu regresyon modeli, girişimcilik eğilimindeki varyansın %25,3'ünü açıklamakta olup, bireysel psikolojik yapıların davranışsal yönelimler üzerinde kurucu etkisine işaret etmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, girişimcilik eğilimlerinin yalnızca ekonomik kaynaklara ya da çevresel faktörlere bağlı olmadığı, daha çok bireyin içsel motivasyon dinamikleri, hedef yönelimi ve yaratıcı düşünce kapasitesiyle şekillendiğini ortaya koymuş; meslek liselerinde yürütülecek girişimcilik politikalarının çok katmanlı, uygulamalı ve motivasyonel açıdan bütüncül bir yaklaşımla yeniden yapılandırılması gerektiğini göstermiştir.
The increasing expectation that vocational and technical education institutions should not only train qualified individuals for the labor market but also develop the entrepreneurial potential of students necessitates data-based analyses that examine the entrepreneurial tendencies of individuals studying in these schools in a multidimensional manner. In this study, which was limited to vocational high school students in Kavak district, the relationship between individuals' entrepreneurial tendencies and personal characteristics such as success orientation, innovation and risk taking; and whether they differ through demographic and environmental variables such as gender, department, income level, status of receiving entrepreneurial education and presence of entrepreneurial figures in the social environment were evaluated with parametric statistical methods. Quantitative data obtained from a total of 231 students were analyzed using IBM SPSS 26.0 program; descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression techniques were used. The findings showed that success orientation and innovation variables were strong predictors of entrepreneurial tendency; while risk taking tendency was weaker but significantly effective. While the innovation levels of technical department students were found to be significantly high, it was determined that variables such as gender, income level, presence of entrepreneurs in the environment and perception of optimism did not create a determining difference in other entrepreneurship dimensions. Although the success-oriented levels of individuals receiving entrepreneurship education were higher, no statistically significant difference was found in their entrepreneurial intentions. The multiple regression model explained 25.3% of the variance in entrepreneurial tendency, indicating the founding effect of individual psychological structures on behavioral orientations. The findings obtained as a result of the research revealed that entrepreneurial tendencies are not only dependent on economic resources or environmental factors, but rather shaped by the individual's internal motivation dynamics, goal orientation and creative thinking capacity; and showed that entrepreneurship policies to be implemented in vocational high schools should be restructured with a multi-layered, applied and motivationally holistic approach.
The increasing expectation that vocational and technical education institutions should not only train qualified individuals for the labor market but also develop the entrepreneurial potential of students necessitates data-based analyses that examine the entrepreneurial tendencies of individuals studying in these schools in a multidimensional manner. In this study, which was limited to vocational high school students in Kavak district, the relationship between individuals' entrepreneurial tendencies and personal characteristics such as success orientation, innovation and risk taking; and whether they differ through demographic and environmental variables such as gender, department, income level, status of receiving entrepreneurial education and presence of entrepreneurial figures in the social environment were evaluated with parametric statistical methods. Quantitative data obtained from a total of 231 students were analyzed using IBM SPSS 26.0 program; descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression techniques were used. The findings showed that success orientation and innovation variables were strong predictors of entrepreneurial tendency; while risk taking tendency was weaker but significantly effective. While the innovation levels of technical department students were found to be significantly high, it was determined that variables such as gender, income level, presence of entrepreneurs in the environment and perception of optimism did not create a determining difference in other entrepreneurship dimensions. Although the success-oriented levels of individuals receiving entrepreneurship education were higher, no statistically significant difference was found in their entrepreneurial intentions. The multiple regression model explained 25.3% of the variance in entrepreneurial tendency, indicating the founding effect of individual psychological structures on behavioral orientations. The findings obtained as a result of the research revealed that entrepreneurial tendencies are not only dependent on economic resources or environmental factors, but rather shaped by the individual's internal motivation dynamics, goal orientation and creative thinking capacity; and showed that entrepreneurship policies to be implemented in vocational high schools should be restructured with a multi-layered, applied and motivationally holistic approach.
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