Publication: Demokrasi ve Kapitalizm: Güney Kore ve Türkiye'nin Kurumsal Gelişme Bağlamında Karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Demokrasi, en yalın haliyle 'halkın, doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak egemenlik hakkını kullanması, bir diğer ifadeyle halkın egemenliği ya da çoğunluğun egemenliğine dayanan bir yönetim şekli' olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Kapitalizm ise, Proudhon'un tanımlamasıyla 'gelirin kaynağı olan kapitalin genellikle onu emekleriyle ortaya çıkaranlara ait olmadığı iktisadi ve sosyal bir rejim'dir. Demokrasi ve kapitalizm ilişkisi farklı tarihsel bağlamlarda ve kurumsal yapılarda etkileşim içerisinde gelişebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, tezin temel sorunsalı, demokrasi ve kapitalizm ilişkisinin Güney Kore ve Türkiye'de farklı tarihsel bağlamlarda ve kurumsal yapılarda nasıl şekillendiği ve sonuçlarının neler olduğunu ortaya koymak; demokrasi ve otoriter rejimlerin ekonomik kalkınma ve kurumsal gelişme üzerindeki etkilerini anlamaktır. Tezin amacı ise, Güney Kore ve Türkiye'nin 1950'ler ve 2000'ler arasındaki ekonomik kalkınma ve demokratikleşme süreçlerini karşılaştırmak; askeri müdahale ve otoriterleşme dönemlerinin bu süreçlere etkisini açıklamak ve Türkiye için uygulanabilir politika çıkarımları üreterek literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Bu bağlamda bu tez, demokrasi ve kapitalizm ilişkisinin Güney Kore ve Türkiye'nin kurumsal gelişme süreçlerine etkisini karşılaştırmalı tarihsel analiz yöntemi ile incelemektedir. Söz konusu, her iki ülkenin kurumsal gelişme süreçleri ve demokratikleşme dalgalanmaları incelenmiştir. Demokrasi ölçümleri Freedom House; demokrasi dalgalanmalarının yorumlanması ise farklı veri indeksleri üzerinden yapılarak temel analiz aracı olarak kullanılmış ve Güney Kore ile Türkiye'nin demokrasi performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu noktada temel bulgular, Güney Kore'de otoriter kalkınma döneminin güçlü kurumsal bir kapasite oluşturduğunu ve bu yapının demokratikleşme sürecini desteklediğini göstermektedir. Türkiye'de ise askeri müdahaleler, demokratikleşme sürecini ve kurumsal gelişme sürecini kesintiye uğratmış, bu durum kalkınma sürecinin kırılgan bir yapıda ilerlemesine neden olmuştur. Her iki ülkede darbe-demokrasi sarkacı farklı etkiler yaratmış; Güney Kore'de demokratikleşme ve ekonomik kalkınma süreçleri zamanla birbirini besleyen bir yapıya dönüşürken, Türkiye'de bu süreçler çoğunlukla çatışmalı ve kesintili seyretmiştir. Bu noktada bu tez çalışması, Türkiye açısından uzun vadeli kalkınma planlaması, bağımsız ve güçlü demokratik kurumların inşası, devlet-özel sektör iş birliğinin kurumsallaştırılması ve eğitim yatırımlarının artırılması gibi ekonomik gelişme ve demokratikleşme politikalarına yönelik çıkarımlarda bulunarak literatüre katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir.
Democracy can be defined, in its simplest form, as 'the exercise of sovereignty by the people, either directly or indirectly, or in other words, a form of government based on the sovereignty of the people or the sovereignty of the majority.' Capitalism, as defined by Proudhon, is 'an economic and social regime in which the source of income, capital, does not generally belong to those who produce it through their labor.' The relationship between democracy and capitalism can develop through interaction in different historical contexts and institutional structures. In this context, the main problem of the thesis is to reveal how the relationship between democracy and capitalism has taken shape in South Korea and Turkey in different historical contexts and institutional structures and what the results have been; to understand the effects of democracy and authoritarian regimes on economic development and institutional development. The aim of the thesis is to compare the economic development and democratization processes of South Korea and Turkey between the 1950s and 2000s; to explain the impact of military intervention and authoritarianism on these processes; and to contribute to the literature by producing applicable policy implications for Turkey. In this context, this thesis examines the impact of the relationship between democracy and capitalism on the institutional development processes of South Korea and Turkey using a comparative historical analysis method. The institutional development processes and democratization fluctuations of both countries are examined. Democracy measurements were taken from Freedom House, and democratic fluctuations were interpreted using different data indices as a basic analytical tool to compare the democratic performance of South Korea and Turkey. The main findings show that the authoritarian development period in South Korea created a strong institutional capacity that supported the democratization process. In Turkey, however, military interventions disrupted the democratization process and institutional development, leading to a fragile development process. The coup-democracy pendulum has had different effects in the two countries; while in South Korea the democratization and economic development processes have gradually become mutually reinforcing, in Turkey these processes have mostly been conflictual and intermittent. At this point, this thesis aims to contribute to the literature by drawing conclusions regarding economic development and democratization policies such as long-term development planning, the establishment of independent and strong democratic institutions, the institutionalization of public-private sector cooperation, and increased investment in education from the perspective of Turkey.
Democracy can be defined, in its simplest form, as 'the exercise of sovereignty by the people, either directly or indirectly, or in other words, a form of government based on the sovereignty of the people or the sovereignty of the majority.' Capitalism, as defined by Proudhon, is 'an economic and social regime in which the source of income, capital, does not generally belong to those who produce it through their labor.' The relationship between democracy and capitalism can develop through interaction in different historical contexts and institutional structures. In this context, the main problem of the thesis is to reveal how the relationship between democracy and capitalism has taken shape in South Korea and Turkey in different historical contexts and institutional structures and what the results have been; to understand the effects of democracy and authoritarian regimes on economic development and institutional development. The aim of the thesis is to compare the economic development and democratization processes of South Korea and Turkey between the 1950s and 2000s; to explain the impact of military intervention and authoritarianism on these processes; and to contribute to the literature by producing applicable policy implications for Turkey. In this context, this thesis examines the impact of the relationship between democracy and capitalism on the institutional development processes of South Korea and Turkey using a comparative historical analysis method. The institutional development processes and democratization fluctuations of both countries are examined. Democracy measurements were taken from Freedom House, and democratic fluctuations were interpreted using different data indices as a basic analytical tool to compare the democratic performance of South Korea and Turkey. The main findings show that the authoritarian development period in South Korea created a strong institutional capacity that supported the democratization process. In Turkey, however, military interventions disrupted the democratization process and institutional development, leading to a fragile development process. The coup-democracy pendulum has had different effects in the two countries; while in South Korea the democratization and economic development processes have gradually become mutually reinforcing, in Turkey these processes have mostly been conflictual and intermittent. At this point, this thesis aims to contribute to the literature by drawing conclusions regarding economic development and democratization policies such as long-term development planning, the establishment of independent and strong democratic institutions, the institutionalization of public-private sector cooperation, and increased investment in education from the perspective of Turkey.
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Keywords
Kamu Yönetimi, Siyasal Bilimler, Demokrasi, Demokrasi Endeksi, Ekonomi, Ekonomi Politikaları, Güney Kore, Kamu Politikaları, Kapitalizm, Kurumlar, Kurumsal Gelişmişlik, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Public Administration, Political Science, Democracy, Indexes of Democracy, Economy, Economic Policies, South Korea, Public Policies, Capitalism, Organizations, Institutional Development, Turkish Republic
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WoS Q
Scopus Q
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114
